Quinolinic Acid;Pyridine-2,3-Dicarboxylic Acid

Quinolinic acid, that is, pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, has a unique chemical structure. Looking at its structure, it is based on a pyridine ring, which is a six-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle with aromatic properties and good stability. At the 2nd and 3rd positions of the pyridine ring, each is connected to a carboxyl group (-COOH). The carboxyl group is composed of carbonyl (C = O) and hydroxyl (-OH), which is active and can participate in many chemical reactions.
This structure gives quinolinic acid unique chemical properties. The nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring has a lone pair electron, which can form hydrogen bonds or coordination bonds with other molecules. Carboxyl groups can undergo esterification, acid-base neutralization and other reactions. Due to its structure containing nitrogen and carboxyl groups, it has important uses in biomedicine, organic synthesis and other fields. In the field of biomedicine, it may be able to interact with biomolecules to develop new drugs. In the field of organic synthesis, its two carboxyl groups and pyridine rings can be used as key intermediates to construct more complex organic compounds. This structure is like a carefully constructed chemical cornerstone, playing an indispensable role in the vast world of chemistry.

Quinolinic acid, that is, pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, is widely used. In the field of medicine, it is a key intermediate, and many drug synthesis relies on it to build specific structures. For example, in the synthesis path of anti-tuberculosis drug isoniazid, quinolinic acid can participate in specific reaction steps, which has a key impact on drug activity and efficacy.
In the field of agriculture, it can be used as a raw material for plant growth regulators. By regulating the balance of hormones in plants, it affects the growth process of plants, such as promoting seed germination, improving crop resistance, etc., and helps increase agricultural production and quality.
In the field of materials science, quinolinic acid can participate in the synthesis of polymer materials. With its special chemical structure, the material is endowed with unique properties, such as improving material stability and thermal properties. In the preparation of some high-performance engineering plastics, the addition of quinolinic acid-containing structural monomers can optimize the mechanical properties and chemical stability of the material.
In addition, in the field of chemical analysis, quinolinic acid can be used as an analytical reagent. Because it can form stable complexes with specific metal ions, it is often used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of metal ions, providing an effective means for the detection of metal elements in chemical research and industrial production. In short, quinolinic acid has important value in many fields and is of great significance for promoting the development of various industries.

Quinoline acid, that is, pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, can be prepared in various ways. Common ones include the following:
First, quinoline is used as raw material to prepare. In the past, quinoline was often oxidized to obtain quinoline acid. For example, strong oxidants such as potassium permanganate or dichromate are used to react with quinoline under suitable conditions. In this process, the structure of quinoline is transformed under the action of oxidants, and quinoline acids are gradually formed. However, this method has many drawbacks, such as high cost of oxidants, complicated post-reaction treatment, and unfriendly to the environment.
Second, pyridine is used as the starting material. Pyridine can first be substituted by a specific reaction, introducing suitable groups at its 2,3 positions, and then through a series of reactions, such as oxidation, hydrolysis, etc., to finally obtain quinolinic acid. The advantage of this route is that pyridine has a relatively wide range of sources and is more affordable. However, there are often many reaction steps, and it is necessary to carefully control the reaction conditions of each step to ensure higher yield and purity.
Third, biosynthesis is also one way to prepare quinolinic acid. Some microorganisms have specific metabolic pathways, and can use simple carbon sources, nitrogen sources and other nutrients to synthesize quinolinic acid under the catalysis of specific enzymes in the body. This method has the advantages of green environmental protection and mild reaction conditions. However, the current biosynthetic method still faces some challenges, such as strict requirements for microbial culture conditions, difficulty in product separation and purification, etc., and has not yet been widely industrialized.

Quinolinic acid, that is, pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, is subject to a variety of factors in the market price range. In the past, this product was in the market, and the price change depended on supply and demand, production methods, quality and the situation of the market.
Looking at the method of preparation, if it is obtained by a simple and efficient method, its price may be easier. However, if it is difficult to make, and requires a lot of materials and working hours, the price will be high. And it is common sense that those with high quality often have higher prices than those with poor quality.
As far as supply and demand are concerned, if the market demand is prosperous, and the supply is small, the price will rise. On the contrary, if the supply exceeds the demand, the price will decline.
Today, the regular price in the market, crude, is about a few dollars to tens of dollars per gram. If it is refined, used in high-end scientific research or medicine, the price per gram can reach more than 100 yuan, or even higher. However, this is only a rough number. The market conditions change, and the price is also variable, or varies from time to time, and varies from place to place. Merchants entering the market must carefully observe the market conditions before they can know the exact price.

Quinolinic acid, that is, pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, this substance has many physical and chemical properties.
Looking at its physical properties, quinolinic acid is a white to pale yellow crystalline powder under normal conditions, resembling fine sand, with a fine texture. Its melting point is quite high, about 229-233 ° C. It begins to melt at high temperatures, showing structural stability. It is soluble in water and slowly dissolves in water, like snowflakes integrated into streams, uniformly dispersed to form a colorless and transparent solution, but it is poorly soluble in most organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, etc., as if it were in an incompatible environment.
When it comes to chemical properties, quinolinic acid contains two carboxyl groups, which are acidic and can be neutralized with bases, just like the competition between acids and bases, resulting in corresponding carboxylic salts and water. In the case of alcohols, under specific conditions, the carboxyl group can be esterified with the alcohol hydroxyl group to produce ester compounds and emit a different smell. Its pyridine ring has certain aromatic properties and stability, and can participate in electrophilic substitution reactions, just like attracting outsiders into a specific space. Chlorination and bromination reactions may occur at specific positions on the pyridine ring. And quinolinic acids can undergo decarboxylation under certain conditions, and carboxyl groups can be separated to form new compounds, just like the separation and recombination of some structures, showing the wonder of chemical changes.