pyridine, methyl-

The main use of amino groups is related to biochemical matters, which is of paramount importance. Although amino groups are not described in detail in "Tiangong Kaiwu", they are deduced from biochemical principles, and their use can be known.
First of all, amino groups are the basis of proteins. Proteins are essential to living things, and all functions of the body, such as metabolism, immunity, and transportation, depend on proteins. And amino groups are connected by peptide bonds to form a chain of proteins, and their order and number are different, so the structure and function of proteins are different.
Second, amino groups are involved in hereditary interest. When ribonucleic acid (RNA) translates proteins, specific amino groups are introduced into the chain according to the codon. This process is accurate and correct, so as to maintain genetic stability and normal development of organisms. If the amino group is mispolymerized, or causes protein inactivation, it will cause disease.
Furthermore, the amino group is also heavy in metabolism. Amino acids in the body can be converted into ammonia and deammonia to produce nitrogen-containing waste and carbon scaffolds. Carbon scaffolds can enter gluconeogenesis to supply energy; those containing nitrogen, such as urea, are excreted from the body, and the internal environment is stable.
In addition, amino groups are related to nerve conduction. Certain amino acids, such as glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid, are neurotransmitters that transmit information between synapses and regulate nerve activity and inhibition. Imbalance can cause neurosis, such as anxiety and depression.
In summary, amino groups are widely used and essential, and play a key role in the growth, growth, breeding, and disease of living things. Although "Tiangong Kaiwu" does not specifically describe it, today's science knows that they are essential to life and are indispensable.

Methyl is a common group in organic chemistry. Its physical properties are quite unique and have a profound impact on the structure and properties of many organic compounds.
First, its state and volatility. Methyl itself, under room temperature and pressure, does not exist independently, but in organic molecules, its influence is significant. Small molecule organic compounds containing methyl are common and have certain volatility. For example, methane, which contains only one methyl group, is gaseous and highly volatile. This is because the relative molecular weight of methyl is small and the intermolecular force is weak.
Second and solubility. Methyl is a non-polar group and has lipophilic properties. Therefore, organic compounds containing more methyl groups have good solubility in non-polar solvents. Such as toluene, because it contains methyl, it is more soluble in non-polar solvents such as benzene and carbon tetrachloride, and has little solubility in water. This property makes methyl-containing substances have important applications in the fields of substance separation and extraction.
Furthermore, when it comes to the boiling point. With the increase of the number of methyl groups in the molecule, the boiling point also changes. Taking alkanes as an example, the boiling point of methane is extremely low, while the boiling point of ethane is higher than that of methane due to more methyl groups. This is due to the increase of methyl groups and the increase of intermolecular forces, mainly due to the increase of dispersion forces. To make the molecule break away from the liquid phase and turn into the gas phase, more energy is required, so the boiling point rises.
In addition, the spatial structure of methyl groups is also unique. Methyl groups have a tetrahedral structure, with carbon atoms in the center and trihydrogen atoms distributed at This structure affects the spatial configuration of molecules, which in turn affects the interactions between molecules. For example, in some stereoisomers, the different positions of methyl groups lead to obvious differences in molecular physical properties.
Overall, although methyl groups are small, they play a significant role in the physical properties of organic compounds, such as state, solubility, boiling point and spatial structure, and are of great significance to the research and application of organic chemistry.

Amine groups have unique chemical properties and are often specific in various chemicals. They are alkaline, which is an important chemical property of amine groups.
The alkalinity of amines stems from the existence of unshared electron pairs in nitrogen atoms. This electron pair can attract protons, so amines can react with acids to form salts. Looking at its encounter with strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, nitrogen atoms capture protons with unshared electron pairs to form positively charged ammonium ions, and the corresponding acid ions combine with them, which is one of the manifestations of acid-base neutralization. For example, the reaction of methylamine with hydrochloric acid can generate methylamine hydrochloride, which can dissociate ions in water, showing the characteristics of salts.
Furthermore, the amine group is nucleophilic. The unshared electron pair of the nitrogen atom makes the amine group easily tend to the atom or group lacking electrons, and the nucleophilic reaction occurs. In the field of organic synthesis, this property is widely used. For example, amines can react with halogenated hydrocarbons, and nitrogen atoms attack the carbon atoms connected to halogens in halogenated hydrocarbons, and the halogens leave to form new nitrogen-containing organic compounds. This reaction is an important method for constructing carbon-nitrogen bonds. The substituents of the
amine group also have a great influence on its chemical properties. If the substituent is a power supply group, the electron cloud density on the nitrogen atom can be increased, and its alkalinity and nucleophilicity can be enhanced; if it is an electron-absorbing group, the opposite will reduce the electron cloud density of the nitrogen atom, and the alkalinity and nucleophilicity will be weakened.
In addition, amine groups can participate in oxidation-reduction reactions or amidation reactions under certain reaction conditions. They play a key role in the synthesis and transformation of organic chemistry and contribute a lot to the creation of various organic compounds. They are one of the important functional groups in the field of chemistry research and application.

In the manufacturing process, it is related to the amino group, and there are several ends that should be paid attention to.
The purity of the first raw material. The quality of the amino group is based on the raw material. If the raw material is inferior, the amino group produced will be difficult to fit. Therefore, when selecting raw materials, it is necessary to carefully screen them to ensure that they are pure and flawless before they can be the base.
Times and the reaction environment. Temperature, pressure, pH, etc., all have a huge impact on the formation of amino groups. If the temperature is too high, or the reaction is too fast, the product will mutate; if it is too low, the reaction will be slow, time-consuming and energy-intensive. The same is true for the pressure, which must be stopped in moderation to facilitate the smooth reaction. As for the pH, it should also be adjusted to an appropriate value, so that the synthesis of amino groups should be smooth.
Furthermore, the agent of catalysis should not be ignored. The catalyst of Jialiang can promote the reaction to speed up and increase the rate of yield. However, when using a catalyst, it is necessary to check its properties, understand its dosage, and use it properly to develop its work. And the existence of the catalyst is also related to its efficiency, and it should be properly supported.
In addition, the separation and purification process is crucial. After the reaction is completed, the product or mixed impurities must be separated by a suitable method to make the amino groups pure. Separation methods include distillation, extraction, filtration, etc., which should be selected according to the situation. The process of purification can remove micro-impurities, raise the quality of amino groups, and ensure that the standard is met.
Complex the dimension of the equipment. The tools used in manufacturing should be maintained normally. Pipes, reactors, etc., if damaged or blocked, will hinder production. Therefore, regular inspection to ensure the good state of the equipment is the basis for stable production.
At the end, safety regulations should not be forgotten. When handling amino-based manufacturing, or dangerous materials, strictly abide by safety rules. Protective equipment should be prepared and used well; the process of operation must be followed according to regulations. Anti-leakage, anti-hot, to ensure the safety of people and production.

I look at you and ask about the common synthesis methods of methane. Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon and has a wide range of uses in chemical and energy fields. The following are the common synthesis methods of Ru Chenqi:
First, it is obtained by the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. This reaction needs to be carried out at high temperature and under specific catalyst conditions, and the equation is roughly: $CO_ {2} + 4H_ {2}\ stackrel {catalyst} {\ underset {high temperature }{=\!=\!=}} CH_ {4} + 2H_ {2} O $. In this process, carbon dioxide and hydrogen react in a complex way under the action of the catalyst, and finally form methane and water.
Second, biomass fermentation can produce methane. Many biomass, such as animal and plant residues, feces, etc., can produce methane-based biogas in an anaerobic environment through microbial fermentation. This process is actually the decomposition and transformation of complex organic matter in biomass by microorganisms, and after a series of biochemical reactions, methane is finally generated. Its principle is based on microbial metabolic activities, which can often be seen in facilities such as biogas tanks.
Third, coal gasification can also produce methane. Under the action of specific gasifiers (such as water vapor, oxygen, etc.), coal gasifies in a high temperature environment to generate synthesis gas (mainly containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen), and then the synthesis gas can be adjusted through the proportion and catalytic reaction to synthesize methane. For example, $C + H_ {2} O\ stackrel {high temperature }{=\!=\!=} CO + H_ {2} $, followed by $CO + 3H_ {2}\ stackrel {catalyst} {\ underset {high temperature }{=\!=\!=}} CH_ {4} + H_ {2} O $and other series of reactions.
Fourth, methanol can be reformed from methanol. Methanol is reformed to produce methane under suitable catalyst and temperature and pressure conditions. This method has its application in some chemical production scenarios. Methanol is first decomposed into intermediate products such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and then further reacted to generate methane.
All of these are common synthesis methods for methane. Each method has its own place in industrial production and scientific research according to its different raw materials, conditions, and uses. It provides a variety of ways for human beings to obtain and utilize methane.