Ethyl isonicotinate,(Ethyl pyridine-4-carboxylate

Ethyl isonicotinate (also known as Ethyl pyridine-4-carboxylate) has a wide range of uses. In the field of medicine, it is an important raw material for traditional Chinese medicine. It can be used to prepare a variety of drugs, or to participate in the key steps of drug synthesis, to help the development of new drugs, and to improve human health and well-being.
In the chemical industry, ethyl isonicotinate also has extraordinary performance. It is often used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. With its special chemical structure, it can participate in many chemical reactions and help generate various organic compounds with specific properties, contributing to the diversification of chemical products.
In materials science, it also plays a certain role. Or it can be used to synthesize special materials, improve some properties of materials, such as stability, durability, etc., and provide assistance for the development of materials science, making materials more suitable for different scenarios and needs.
In addition, in the field of fragrance preparation, ethyl isonicotinate can be used as one of the fragrance ingredients to add a different flavor to the fragrance formula, enrich the types and levels of fragrances, and meet people's pursuit of different aromas.

Ethyl isonicotinate, that is, ethylpyridine-4-carboxylic acid ester, its physical properties are as follows:
This substance is a colorless to light yellow liquid at room temperature, and it looks clear and translucent without obvious impurities. It has a certain volatility and can smell a unique smell in the air. This smell is not pungent or intolerable, but it is also clearly distinguishable.
Its boiling point is quite high, about 230-232 ° C, and a higher temperature is required to make it boil into a gaseous state. The melting point is relatively low, around -28 ° C, that is, when the temperature is lower than this value, it will condense from liquid to solid state.
Ethyl isonicotinate has a density of about 1.10g/cm ³, which is slightly heavier than water. If it is placed in a container with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water. In terms of solubility, it is difficult to dissolve in water, but it can be miscible with most organic solvents such as ethanol and ether in any ratio, just like water emulsion, and can form a uniform and stable mixed system.
In addition, its refractive index is about 1.522-1.524. When light passes through the substance, it will be refracted at a specific angle. This property can also be used as one of the physical basis for identifying it.

Ethyl isonicotinate, that is, ethylpyridine-4-carboxylic acid ester, is an organic compound. Its chemical properties are quite rich.
From the perspective of physical properties, it is usually a colorless to light yellow liquid with a specific odor and a certain volatility. Its boiling point, melting point and other properties are closely related to its molecular structure, and intermolecular forces and functional group characteristics determine its physical state at room temperature and pressure.
In terms of chemical properties, ester groups are key functional groups. It can undergo hydrolysis and decompose into isonicotinic acid and ethanol under acidic or alkaline conditions. Hydrolysis is more complete under alkaline conditions, which is a common law of ester hydrolysis.
At the same time, due to the existence of the pyridine ring, it presents a certain aromaticity and can participate in the electrophilic substitution reaction. The nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring has an electron-absorbing effect, which changes the density distribution of the electron cloud on the ring, and the substitution reaction mostly occurs at the β position of the pyridine ring.
In addition, it can also participate in the reverse reaction of esterification reaction, and it can be converted into alcohols, acids, etc. under specific conditions. Its carbonyl can be added to nucleophiles, and many nucleophiles such as Grignard reagents can attack its carbonyl to generate corresponding addition products, and then derive a variety of organic synthesis pathways. These chemical properties make it widely used in the field of organic synthesis, and can be used as an intermediate in the preparation of drugs, pesticides and other fine chemicals.

There are many synthesis methods of Ethyl isonicotinate (Ethyl pyridine-4-carboxylate), which are described in detail below.
First, isonicotinate and ethanol are used as raw materials and can be obtained by esterification reaction. This reaction requires concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst and carried out under heating conditions. The reaction principle is that the acid and alcohol are dehydrated and condensed under the action of the catalyst, and the carboxyl group of the acid and the hydroxyl group of the alcohol dehydrate and condensate to form an ester bond. However, concentrated sulfuric acid is highly corrosive, and the post-reaction treatment is relatively complicated. Neutralization, washing and other steps are required to remove the catalyst and unreacted raw materials.
Second, pyridine-4-carboxylic acid chloride and ethanol are used as raw materials. When pyridine-4-carboxylic acid chloride meets ethanol, it can quickly react to form ethyl isonicotinate. This reaction is faster than esterification reaction, and the conditions are milder. However, the preparation of pyridine-4-carboxylic acid chloride is not easy, and it needs to be prepared by the reaction of pyridine-4-carboxylic acid with chlorination reagents such as dichlorosulfoxide, and the chlorination reagents are mostly irritating and corrosive.
Third, it is synthesized by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. Halogenated pyridine and glycolate are used as raw materials and react in a suitable solvent in the presence of palladium catalyst and ligand. This method can accurately construct carbon-carbon bonds and has high selectivity. However, palladium catalysts are expensive, and the reaction conditions are strict, requiring an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, which requires high requirements for reaction equipment and operation technology.
Or biosynthesis can be used to catalyze the synthesis of ethyl isonicotinate using specific microorganisms or enzymes. This method has the advantages of green environmental protection, high selectivity, mild reaction conditions and low energy consumption. However, the stability of biocatalysts is poor, the reaction system is complex, and the product separation and purification are difficult. At present, industrial application is still limited.

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