Ethyl 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate

Ethyl 4- (trifluoromethyl) pyridine - 2 - carboxylate, that is, ethyl 4- (trifluoromethyl) pyridine - 2 - carboxylate, is widely used. In the field of medicinal chemistry, it is an important intermediate in organic synthesis. It can be constructed through specific chemical reactions with bioactive compounds for the creation of new drugs. For example, using it as a starting material through multi-step reactions may be able to prepare therapeutic drugs for specific diseases, such as inflammation, tumors, etc. Due to the structure of pyridine and trifluoromethyl, it may endow the compounds with unique pharmacological activities and pharmacokinetic properties.
It also has important applications in the field of materials science. With the help of appropriate polymerization or modification means, it may be introduced into polymer materials to improve material properties. For example, the material can obtain better chemical stability, thermal stability, or special optical and electrical properties, which can be used to make high-performance plastics, coatings, electronic materials, etc.
In the research and development of pesticides, it can be used as a key structural unit. After rational structural modification and optimization, pesticide active ingredients with high inhibition or killing effect on specific pests and pathogens can be constructed, providing an effective means for agricultural pest control, and its fluorine-containing structure may enhance the environmental stability and biological activity of pesticides.

There are several common methods for the synthesis of Ethyl 4- (trifluoromethyl) pyridine-2-carboxylate (4- (trifluoromethyl) pyridine-2-carboxylate).
First, the pyridine derivative containing the corresponding substituent can be started. First, take a suitable pyridine raw material, which has transferable groups at the 2nd and 4th positions of the pyridine ring. Through halogenation, a halogen atom is introduced at the 4th position of the pyridine ring. If a suitable halogenating agent is used, under suitable reaction conditions, the pyridine substrate is halogenated to form a 4-halogenated pyridine derivative. Subsequently, a metal-organic reagent, such as Grignard reagent or lithium reagent, is used for nucleophilic substitution reaction with a reagent containing trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethyl is introduced into the halogen atom at the 4th position. Then the carboxyl group is esterified at the 2nd position. Ethanol and a suitable carboxyl group activation reagent, such as dichlorosulfoxide or oxalyl chloride, first convert the carboxyl group to an acyl chloride, and then react with ethanol to generate the desired 4- (trifluoromethyl) pyridine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester.
Second, the pyridine ring construction method can be used. Organic compounds containing trifluoromethyl groups and compounds containing carbonyl groups and nitrogen sources are used as starting materials. For example, using a β-dicarbonyl compound containing trifluoromethyl groups and ammonia or amines, under the catalysis of acid or base, the pyridine ring is constructed by condensation reaction. During the reaction process, the reaction conditions are regulated to cyclize between the carbonyl group and the nitrogen source to form a pyridine ring structure, and the corresponding substituents are introduced at the 2nd and 4th positions of the pyridine ring. Finally, the target product 4- (trifluoromethyl) pyridine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester is obtained through the esterification step.
Third, the coupling reaction strategy catalyzed by transition metals can also be used. Trifluoromethyl is introduced into the 4-position pyridine ring by coupling reaction between halogenated pyridine derivatives and trifluoromethyl-containing borate esters or trifluoromethyl halides under the action of transition metal catalysts such as palladium, followed by esterification of the 2-carboxyl group to complete the synthesis of ethyl 4- (trifluoromethyl) pyridine-2-carboxylate.

Ethyl 4- (trifluoromethyl) pyridine - 2 - carboxylate (4- (trifluoromethyl) pyridine - 2 - carboxylate) is an organic compound with unique physical properties. It is often liquid at room temperature, has a colorless and transparent appearance, and has a specific odor. This compound exhibits specific physical properties because it contains trifluoromethyl and ester groups.
Looking at its boiling point, due to intermolecular forces, the boiling point reaches a certain value, which varies depending on accurate measurement conditions and is about a specific temperature range. This temperature range is not only affected by the trifluoromethyl group in the molecule, but also related to the properties of the ester group due to its strong electronegativity and unique spatial structure. The carbonyl group in the ester group is connected to the alkoxy group, which affects the intermolecular force and causes the boiling point to be in a specific range.
When talking about the melting point, the melting point of the compound also has a corresponding value, reflecting its solid-state and liquid transition temperature. This value is determined by the molecular arrangement and intermolecular force. The existence of trifluoromethyl and ester groups changes the molecular symmetry and compactness, which affects the melting point.
As for solubility, 4- (trifluoromethyl) pyridine-2-carboxylate ethyl ester has a certain solubility in organic solvents. Because it contains ester groups and pyridine rings, it has a certain polarity and can interact with polar organic solvents. It is soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols and ethers. However, the solubility in water is not good, due to the weak interaction between water molecules and the compound, and the strong hydrophobicity of trifluoromethyl, which hinders its dissolution in water.
In addition, the density of this compound is also an important physical property. Compared with other common organic compounds, it has a specific value, which reflects the mass per unit volume and is affected by the molecular composition and structure.

Ethyl 4- (trifluoromethyl) pyridine - 2 - carboxylate is an organic compound with the following chemical properties:
This compound contains an ester group (− COOEt) and a pyridine ring, and the 4-position of the pyridine ring is connected with trifluoromethyl (− CF 🥰). The chemical properties of the ester group are active and can undergo hydrolysis. Under acidic conditions, hydrolysis produces 4- (trifluoromethyl) pyridine - 2 - carboxylic acid and ethanol. The hydrolysis process is that the proton first binds to the carbonyl oxygen of the ester group to enhance the positive electricity of the carbonyl carbon, and then the water molecule attacks the carbonyl carbon, and through a series of rearrangement and dealcoholization steps, the carboxylic acid product is obtained. Under alkaline conditions, hydrolysis is more thorough and rapid, and carboxylate and ethanol are formed. Due to the strong nucleophilicity of hydroxide ions, it directly attacks carbonyl carbons, and this process is irreversible.
The pyridine ring is aromatic, and the electronegativity of its nitrogen atom affects the electron cloud distribution on the ring. Compared with the benzene ring, the electron cloud density of the pyridine ring is lower, the electrophilic substitution reaction activity is lower than that of the benzene ring, and the reaction check point is mainly at the β-position (3-position and 5-position) of the pyridine ring. Due to the electron-absorbing induction effect and conjugation effect of the nitrogen atom, the electron cloud density of the α-position (2-position and 6-position) is reduced more than that of the β-position. However, trifluoromethyl with strong electron-withdrawing in the 4-position further changes the electron cloud distribution on the ring, making the regioselectivity of electrophilic substitution reaction more complex.
Trifluoromethyl is a strong electron-withdrawing group with strong electronegativity and small steric resistance. It reduces the electron cloud density of the pyridine ring through induction effect, enhances the positive electricity of the ester carbonyl carbon, and makes the ester group more susceptible to attack by nucleophiles, which in turn affects the reaction rate such as hydrolysis. At the same time, the presence of trifluoromethyl affects the molecular polarity, making the compound different in solubility in organic solvents and water than its non-trifluoromethyl analogs, and generally more soluble in polar organic solvents. And because of its fluoride content, it has certain special physical and chemical properties, such as high fat solubility, and may have unique applications in fields such as medicinal chemistry.

Ethyl 4- (trifluoromethyl) pyridine - 2 - carboxylate is a fine chemical commonly used in organic synthesis. To know its market price range, it is difficult to determine with certainty, because many factors will affect its price.
First, the market supply and demand have a great impact on its price. If the demand for this compound is strong and the supply is relatively insufficient, if many pharmaceutical companies or chemical research institutions buy a lot for new drug research and development or special chemical product production, the price is bound to rise; conversely, if the market demand is low and the production enterprises have excess capacity, the price may fall.
Second, the production cost also affects its price. The cost of raw materials is the first to bear the brunt. If the price of various starting materials required for the synthesis of Ethyl 4- (trifluoromethyl) pyridine - 2 - carboxylate fluctuates, it will be directly transmitted to the final product price. The complexity of the production process also affects. If complex and expensive reaction steps, special catalysts or strict reaction conditions are required, the cost will increase and the price will also increase. And different production scales also vary in cost and price. Large-scale production can often reduce unit costs due to scale effects, which in turn affects the selling price.
Third, different sales channels and product purity will also make prices different. Generally speaking, through regular large-scale chemical product suppliers, the quality and purity are guaranteed, and the price may be high; while some small suppliers or products with slightly lower purity may be relatively affordable. According to past market conditions, the price may range from tens to hundreds of yuan per gram, but this is only a general range. The actual price depends on the specific situation of the current market.