chloropyridine oxide

The main uses of mercury and its oxides are in the cultivation of alchemy, medical treatment, and craftsmanship.
During the cultivation of alchemy, the ancients believed that mercury and its oxides had magical effects. Taoist alchemists believed that mercury can undergo wonderful changes with many substances, and after a specific refining process, it can become an "elixir". For example, Ge Hong's "Baopuzi Inner Chapter" has a saying, "When alchemy is burned, it becomes mercury, and when it accumulates, it becomes alchemy." Mercury is mercury. They hope to take this "elixir" to achieve immortality, so in alchemy, mercury and its oxides are commonly used.
In the field of medical treatment, mercury oxides have also been widely used. Such as light powder, that is, mercurous chloride, has the effect of attacking poison, killing insects, and restraining sores. According to ancient medical records, it can be used for scabies, syphilis, and ulceration of sores. Another example is cinnabar, which is mercury sulfide. It has the power of clearing the heart and calming the mind and detoxifying the mind. It is often used for heart palpitations and easy tremors, insomnia and dreams, epilepsy and madness. "Shennong Materia Medica" lists cinnabar as the top grade, saying that it "nourishes the spirit, calms the soul, nourishes qi, and brightens the eyes".
In terms of process production, mercury and its oxides also have unique effects. For example, in the ancient gilding process, gold and mercury were first made into gold amalgam and applied to the surface of the utensils. After heating, the mercury evaporated, and the gold was retained on the utensils to achieve a gilt effect, making the utensils more beautiful and luxurious. In addition, mercury is liquid and has a metallic luster at room temperature, and is also used to make mirrors and other items to make the mirror surface brighter and clearer.

Mercury, the physical properties of its oxides are worth exploring. Mercury oxides are commonly found in mercury oxide (HgO), which is a red or yellow powdery substance.
Mercury oxide has a higher density than many common substances, and its texture is delicate and the touch is unique. In terms of its color, although both red mercury oxide and yellow mercury oxide are mercury oxides, the color difference is due to the difference in crystal structure and particle size. The crystal structure of red mercury oxide is relatively regular, and the particles are large, so it appears red; the crystal structure of yellow mercury oxide is slightly irregular, and the particles are fine, so it appears yellow.
Furthermore, the melting point of mercury oxide is quite high, and a higher temperature is required to melt it into a liquid state. This property also determines that it will change its physical state in a high temperature environment. And its boiling point is also very high. In order to make it boil into a gaseous state, extremely high temperature conditions are required.
In addition, mercury oxide is chemically stable at room temperature and pressure, and it is not easy to chemically react with common substances. However, under specific conditions, such as high temperature and the presence of specific catalysts, reactions such as decomposition will also occur, releasing mercury and oxygen. This property makes it play a unique role in many chemical experiments and industrial production. And mercury oxide is insoluble in water and is suspended in water. This physical property also makes its interaction with water different from other soluble substances.

The chemical properties of mercury and its oxides are determined. Mercury oxides, such as mercury oxide (HgO), have their own specific properties under normal conditions.
Mercury oxide has its own color and color. The two are the same in nature, but the size of the crystals is different, so the color is different. Its chemical properties are determined under general conditions.
If it is difficult to meet the problem, the mercury oxide will decompose. The ancients used mercury oxide as a raw material. For example, in the "Baopuzi", "Dansha is formed into water, and then becomes Dansha". In this case, Dansha is mercury sulfide, and water is mercury. Mercury oxide can be obtained by oxidation, and mercury oxide can be decomposed into mercury oxide. The decomposition of the inverse formula: 2HgO + 2Hg + O ² ↑. This inverse indicates that under certain high temperature components, the chemical properties of mercury oxide are changed and no longer determined.
However, in the case of normal and specialized inverse components, mercury oxide can maintain the stability of the phase, and it is not easy to biochemically synthesize and decompose the surrounding materials. For example, if mercury oxide is stored in ordinary environments, if factors such as light and acid are affected, its chemical properties can not be maintained.
Therefore, the chemical properties of mercury oxides are determined under normal circumstances, but in case of special components such as mercury, it can be biochemically reformed and decomposed.

The oxide of mercury is mercury oxide, and its preparation process has been explored in ancient times. Although the "Tiangong Kaiwu" does not describe the preparation of mercury oxides in detail, it has some records on the extraction of mercury, which can be deduced one or two.
The extraction of mercury often uses cinnabar as the raw material. For cinnabar, mercury sulfide is also. "Tiangong Kaiwu" says: "Where cinnabar and mercury are the last stream of Dan sand, and the source of its origin and end, it is also said." The ancients took cinnabar and placed it in an airtight container for heating and sublimation. The cinnabar is decomposed by heat, and the sulfur and oxygen combine to escape, and the mercury is condensed and collected after gasification.
If you want to obtain mercury oxides, you can imagine the ancients or after the mercury is extracted, make it further react with oxygen. The lid placed the mercury in an open container, heated to a certain temperature, and the mercury slowly combined with oxygen in the air. For example, "Baopuzi Jindan" has records about the reaction of mercury and other substances in alchemy, which can prove that the ancients had observed the chemical properties of mercury. Mercury is heated in the air, and the surface gradually produces red mercury oxide. Although this process is not explicitly stated in "Tiangong Kaiwu", it is a possible way to understand the reaction between metals and oxygen at that time.
The ancients controlled factors such as heating temperature, duration, and mercury exposure area to regulate the formation of mercury oxide. If the temperature is too low, the reaction is slow; if it is too high, the mercury evaporates too quickly, which is unfavorable for the accumulation of mercury oxide. However, in ancient times, the process lacked precise instruments, and it was more difficult to explore with experience.
Furthermore, other mercury-containing minerals may be converted into mercury oxides after a series of treatments. Although it is not recorded in Tiangong Kaiwu, ancient alchemy and metallurgy were developed, and many attempts or existences existed, only because the ancient metallurgy, alchemy technology and mercury extraction records in the book are not fully covered.
Although the preparation of mercury oxides is not detailed in Tiangong Kaiwu, it can be speculated that the ancients prepared mercury oxide by heating mercury and oxygen reaction. The process is based on experience and technology is limited, but it laid the foundation for the development of later chemistry.

The price range of mercury and its oxides in the market is something that the world often wants to know. Mercury, known as "mercury" in ancient times, also has its own oxides, and the value of the two in the market varies due to many reasons.
Mercury, because of its unique physical and chemical properties, is used in industry, medical treatment, scientific research and other fields. In the past, mercury was used in the metallurgical industry to extract precious metals such as gold and silver, and it was also an important raw material in the chemical industry. However, due to its toxicity and great harm to the environment and human health, its use and mining are now strictly controlled. Its price in the market used to fluctuate due to supply and demand conditions and the distance of origin. In ancient times, although the exact price is not detailed, it is conceivable that in places where mercury is produced, its price may be slightly lower; and in remote places, due to difficult transportation, the price is not cheap. At present, due to environmental protection considerations, the production of mercury has dropped sharply, and its price has also been affected. It ranges from hundreds to thousands of yuan per kilogram, depending on quality and purity.
As for mercury oxides, common ones such as mercury oxide also have different uses. Mercury oxide has been used in battery manufacturing, pigment production, etc. Its price is also affected by many factors, such as the simplicity of the preparation process and the amount of market demand. The price of mercury oxide is around thousands of yuan per kilogram, and if the purity is extremely high, it will be more expensive if it is used in special scientific research or high-end industrial fields.
In summary, the market price of mercury and its oxides varies from time to time and varies from situation to situation. It is difficult to determine an exact range. It depends on the specific situation, quality and use.