5-Fluoro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid

5-Hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid, also known as auxin, is a class of essential plant hormones in plants. Its main uses are listed below:
First, it promotes plant growth and development. This hormone has a significant effect on plant growth and can stimulate cell elongation and division, thereby promoting plant stem elongation, root system development and leaf expansion. In the seedling stage, an appropriate amount of 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid can make plants more robust and enhance their ability to adapt to the environment.
Second, it regulates plant organ differentiation. It has a profound impact on plant organ differentiation. For example, in tissue culture, different concentrations of 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid and cytokinin ratios can induce explants to differentiate into roots or shoots. A higher concentration of 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid is conducive to root formation, while a lower concentration is conducive to bud differentiation.
Third, maintain plant apical dominance. Plant terminal buds produce 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid, which is transported down and accumulated in the lateral buds, inhibiting the growth of lateral buds, thereby maintaining apical dominance. If the terminal buds are removed, the concentration of 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid in the lateral buds decreases, lateral buds can grow, and plant branches increase.
Fourth, it affects plant tropism. Plants are stimulated by external environments, such as light and gravity, and 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid will redistribute in plants, resulting in tropism in plant organs. For example, the growth of plant stems to light is due to the large distribution of 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid on the backlit side of the stem tip due to unilateral light irradiation, and the cell elongation is faster, so the stem bends to light and grows; and the gravitational growth of roots is also related to the distribution changes of 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid in roots affected by gravity.
Fifth, it participates in the reproductive process of plants. 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid also plays a key role in reproductive stages such as plant flowering and fruiting. It can promote flower bud differentiation, improve fruit setting rate, and affect fruit development to ensure normal fruit growth and maturity.

5-3-pentenoic acid, this is a chemical compound. Its physical properties are special, let me explain them one by one.
The first word about the melting and boiling of 5-3-pentenoic acid is that because of the existence of its molecules, and the molecules have certain properties, the melting phase is not low, probably around [X] ° C. The boiling is controlled by the molecular force, and it is below [X] ° C. Such characteristics of melting and boiling make it normal, or solid, or viscous liquid, depending on the external conditions.
Secondary solubility, this acid molecule has both a water-containing alkenyl group and an oil-containing alkenyl group. Therefore, it has a certain solubility in water, because the alkenyl group can form water molecules. However, the alkenyl group makes it oily to a certain extent, and it can also be dissolved in partially soluble, such as ethanol, ether, etc. Generally speaking, the solubility is better in soluble water, and the solubility is slightly lower in non-soluble water.
Furthermore, the density of 5-3-pentenoic acid is similar to that of water, which is slightly larger than that of water. Due to the formation and determination of the molecule, the amount of atoms contained in its position is determined, so that the overall density is this.
In addition, 5-3-pentenoic acid can fade bromine water or bromine carbon tetrachloride solution due to its ethylene content, showing a unique addition and inverse property. The existence of the alkyl group makes it possible to esterify and other reactions, which is very active in the reaction. Therefore, the physical properties of 5-3-pentenoic acid are determined by its molecules, and its reaction and application have a crucial impact.

5-Hydroxy-3-pentenoic acid is one of the organic compounds, and the stability of its chemical properties must be considered from multiple dimensions.
From a structural perspective, the molecule has both hydroxyl and carbon-carbon double bonds, both of which are active functional groups. Hydroxyl groups are nucleophilic and easily participate in many reactions, such as esterification reactions. Under acid-catalyzed conditions, they can react with carboxylic acids to form ester compounds; they can also be oxidized and can be converted into aldehyde groups or even carboxyl groups under the action of appropriate oxidants. The carbon-carbon double bond is rich in electrons, exhibits electrophilicity, and is prone to addition reactions. It can be successfully added with electrophilic reagents such as hydrogen halide and halogen, and can also carry out oxidation reactions. For example, under the action of oxidizing agents such as ozone or potassium permanganate, the double bond can be broken to form corresponding oxidation products.
From the perspective of stability, these active functional groups in the molecule make 5-hydroxy-3-pentenoic acid chemically active under certain conditions, and the stability is poor. However, if it is in a relatively mild environment and there are no suitable reaction conditions and reactants, the compound can also maintain a relatively stable state.
However, in view of the characteristics of the active groups in its structure, it is necessary to pay attention to the influence of environmental factors during storage and use. Conditions such as high temperature, light, and the presence of certain catalysts may all promote chemical reactions, thereby changing its own structure and properties.
In general, 5-hydroxyl-3-pentenoic acid is chemically active and has limited stability due to the active functional groups in its structure. In practical application and storage, environmental conditions need to be carefully controlled to avoid unnecessary chemical reactions.

5-Hydroxy-3-pentenoic acid, there are many ways to make this substance. The ancient Fang family followed the following paths.
First, pentene was used as the beginning and oxidized. When pentene meets a specific oxidant, at a suitable temperature, pressure and catalytic environment, specific parts of pentene can be oxidized to obtain 5-hydroxy-3-pentenoic acid. Among them, the choice of oxidant is the key, such as oxides of certain high-valent metals, or peroxides with special structures. The reaction mechanism is that the active part of the oxidant attacks the unsaturated bond of pentene, introduces oxygen atoms, and gradually converts into the desired acid. < Br >
Second, the ester containing the corresponding carbon skeleton is used as the base. Choose the appropriate pentenyl ester, hydrolyze it first, and obtain the corresponding alcohol or acid derivative. After oxidation modification, the specific position can be hydroxylated to obtain 5-hydroxy- 3-pentenoic acid. During hydrolysis, it is necessary to select the appropriate acid-base conditions to promote the fracture of the ester bond and protect other structures from damage. When oxidizing, the degree of reaction should also be controlled to avoid excessive oxidation.
Third, aldosteroids and ketones are used as the starting materials. Specific reactions with aldosterones, such as hydroxyaldehyde condensation, etc. First, the carbon chain is constructed through a condensation reaction to form an intermediate with a similar structure. Then the intermediate is transformed into a series of reduction and oxidation, and its functional groups are modulated to guide the formation of 5-hydroxy- 3-pentenoic acid. In this way, it is necessary to be skilled in controlling the sequence and conditions of various reactions in order to obtain higher yield and purity.
All kinds of production methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and they need to be selected according to actual conditions, such as the availability of raw materials, cost considerations, and purity requirements of the product.

I think what you are asking is about the price range of 5-hydroxy- 3-indoleacetic acid in the market. However, this is not easy to break, because many factors are intertwined to affect its price.
First, the supply and demand situation, the market demand is prosperous, and the supply is small, the price will rise; if the supply exceeds the demand, the price will decline. Second, the quality is good or bad, the price of the superior is high, and the price of the second is low. Third, the source channel, the natural extractor and the synthetic one, the price is different. Natural method, the process is complex, the cost is high, and the price is often high; artificial synthesis, if the technology advances and the cost decreases, the price may be cheap. Fourth, the difference between regions, different places, due to transportation, taxation, market environment, the price is also different.
Generally speaking, in the fine chemical raw material market, if the quality is good and the quantity is moderate, the price of 5-hydroxy- 3-indole acetic acid per gram may be between tens of yuan and hundreds of yuan. If you buy in bulk, the unit price may be reduced if the quantity is large. However, this is only a rough estimate. The market situation is changing rapidly. The actual price should be consulted with the supplier in detail before the exact number can be obtained.