5-Chloropyridine-2,4-diol

5-Amino-2,4-dinitrotoluene is an organic compound with specific chemical properties.
This substance is yellow crystalline and insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents such as acetone and benzene. In terms of chemical properties, it has unique reactivity due to the presence of amino and nitro functional groups.
From the perspective of amino groups, amino groups are a donator group, which can increase the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, which in turn makes the benzene ring more prone to electrophilic substitution reactions. For example, it can be acylated with acyl chloride, acid anhydride, etc. to form corresponding amide compounds.
The nitro group is a strong electron-absorbing group. On the one hand, it reduces the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, so that the electrophilic substitution activity of the benzene ring is reduced compared with that of benzene; on the other hand, the nitro group can undergo a reduction reaction. Under specific conditions, the nitro group can be gradually reduced to nitroso, hydroxylamine group, and finally reduced to amino group.
Furthermore, 5-amino-2,4-dinitrotoluene contains multiple nitro groups, resulting in higher energy and certain explosive properties. However, compared with typical explosives, its explosive performance is relatively weak. However, during storage and use, it is still necessary to operate with caution to prevent accidents caused by heat, impact, etc. In addition, this substance is also harmful to the environment, and if it enters the natural environment, it may cause pollution to soil, water, etc.

5-Amino-2,4-dinitro has the following common synthesis methods:
** Toluene is used as the starting material **:
First, toluene is nitrified. Under the mixed acid of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, toluene undergoes an electrophilic substitution reaction. Since methyl is an ortho-para-site group, a mixture of o-nitrotoluene and p-nitrotoluene can be obtained. After separation, if p-nitrotoluene is obtained, and then methyl is oxidized under appropriate conditions. For example, with a strong oxidant such as acidic potassium permanganate, methyl can be oxidized to a carboxyl group to obtain p-nitrobenzoic acid. After that, it is re-nitrified. Since the carboxyl group is the meta-site group, the nitro group will mainly enter the meta-site, and 5-nitro-2-nitrobenzoic acid can be obtained. Then the carboxyl group is reduced to an amino group, and a strong reducing agent such as lithium aluminum hydride can be used to react under suitable conditions, and finally 5-amino-2,4-dinitro is obtained.
** With aniline as the starting material **:
Aniline is first protected by the amino group to prevent the amino group from overreacting in the subsequent reaction. Usually, acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride can be used to react with aniline to form acetaniline. Then the acetylaniline is nitrified. Under the action of mixed acid, the acetamide group is an ortho-para-site group, and the mixture of p-nitroacetylaniline and o-nitroacetylaniline can be obtained, and the p-nitroacetylaniline can be separated. Then it is nitrified again. Since the acetamide group passivates the benzene ring at this time, the newly introduced nitro group mainly enters its ortho position, and 2,4-dinitroacetylaniline can be obtained. After hydrolysis, hydrolysis under acidic or basic conditions removes the acetyl group to obtain 5-amino-2,4-dinitro.
Both synthesis processes require careful operation. Due to the strong exothermic reaction of nitrification and the explosive nature of the products, it is necessary to strictly control the reaction conditions and operation procedures to ensure safety.

5-Nonyl-2,4-di-tert-butyl is used in many fields, as detailed below:
###1. Fuel field
In fuel, 5-nonyl-2,4-di-tert-butyl can act as an antioxidant. Because fuel is easily reacted with oxygen in the air during storage and use, it can cause oxidative deterioration. And this compound can effectively inhibit the oxidation process, prolong the storage period of fuel, and maintain the stability of fuel, ensure its smooth combustion in the engine, improve the performance of the engine, reduce the generation of carbon deposits, reduce the damage to the engine, and improve the economy and environmental protection of fuel.
###Second, the field of lubricating oil
In the field of lubricating oil, 5-nonyl-2,4-di-tert-butyl is also an important antioxidant additive. Lubricating oil will oxidize due to factors such as high temperature, high pressure and metal catalysis during mechanical operation, resulting in deterioration of its performance. The addition of this substance can enhance the antioxidant capacity of lubricating oil, slow down its aging rate, prolong the oil change cycle, and ensure that the mechanical equipment always maintains a good lubrication state during long-term operation, reducing wear between mechanical parts and improving the reliability and service life of the equipment.
###III. PLASTICS FIELD
In the plastics industry, 5-nonyl-2,4-di-tert-butyl is often used as an antioxidant. Plastic products are easily degraded by light, heat, oxygen, etc. during processing and use, resulting in reduced performance. This compound can capture free radicals generated by plastic degradation, block the oxidation chain reaction, prevent plastics from yellowing and brittleness, improve the heat resistance, weather resistance and stability of plastic products, and expand its application range, such as in automotive interiors, electronic product shells and other plastic products.
###Fourth, rubber field
In the rubber industry, 5-nonyl-2,4-di-tert-butyl also has important uses. Rubber products are prone to aging under the influence of environmental factors such as sunlight, oxygen, ozone, etc., manifested as elastic decline, hardening, cracking, etc. As an antioxidant, this substance can effectively delay the aging process of rubber, maintain the physical and mechanical properties of rubber, and prolong the service life of rubber products. Rubber products such as tires, hoses, and seals are used.

The market price of 5-amino-2,4-dinitro fluctuates due to a variety of factors, such as product purity, production process, market supply and demand conditions, and regional differences.
In the past business situation, the price of these chemicals, if they are of ordinary purity, is about hundreds of dollars per kilogram. However, if they are of high purity and meet special production standards, the price may rise significantly, reaching thousands of gold per kilogram.
When the market demand is strong and the production supply is limited, the price often rises; conversely, if the market supply is abundant and the demand is weak, the price may show a downward trend. In addition, the price will vary in different regions due to factors such as transportation costs and tax policies. Roughly speaking, its price fluctuates between hundreds of dollars and thousands of gold per kilogram, making it difficult to give an exact price.

The production process of 5-amino-2,4-dinitro is quite complex. The synthesis process of this substance involves multi-step reactions, and each step requires strict reaction conditions.
The selection of starting materials and pretreatment are crucial. It is necessary to carefully select raw materials with specific purity and structure, and then carry out pretreatment operations such as purification and drying to ensure that the raw materials meet the reaction requirements and reduce the interference of impurities on the reaction.
Nitrification reaction is the key link. In a suitable reaction vessel, add raw materials and nitrifying reagents in precise proportions. Common nitrifying reagents such as mixed acid of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The reaction needs to be carried out under strict temperature control conditions. If the temperature is too high, it is easy to cause side reactions to occur and generate unnecessary by-products, which not only reduces the yield of the target product, but also may cause safety problems. If the temperature is too low, the reaction rate will be slow and time-consuming. At the same time, the reaction time also needs to be precisely controlled. If the time is too short, the reaction is not sufficient, and if the time is too long, it may lead to excessive nitrification.
The amination reaction cannot be ignored. After the nitrification reaction is completed, the amino group is introduced after appropriate treatment. This step also requires strict control of the reaction conditions, including the proportion of reactants, reaction temperature, reaction time, and the pH of the reaction environment. During the reaction process, the reaction process should be closely monitored, and the appropriate analysis method should be used to understand the reaction degree in real time, so as to adjust the reaction conditions in time
The separation and purification of the product is extremely critical. After the reaction, the resulting mixture contains the target product, unreacted raw materials, by-products and reaction solvents. A variety of separation techniques, such as filtration, extraction, distillation, crystallization, etc. are required to separate the target product from the mixture and purify it to obtain high-purity 5-amino-2,4-dinitro. Each step of separation and purification needs to be carefully controlled, and a little carelessness will affect the purity and yield of the product.
The entire production process not only requires harsh reaction conditions, but also involves the operation of hazardous chemicals, which requires extremely high requirements for production equipment, operator expertise and safety protection measures. The production process must strictly follow relevant safety regulations and operating procedures to ensure production safety and product quality.