4-phenylpyridine

4-What are the main uses of this kind of metal? The Book of Heavenly Works states: "All three kinds of gold are raw and ripe. The raw material has not yet been produced, and the cooked pottery has not yet been produced. All gold is washed and refined, and then it is cooked. Where it comes out of the Middle Kingdom, it is found in the four provinces of Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, and South China. However, the lake and the south are all heavy and thick, and the middle country is thick." There are roughly three uses.
One of them is for the purpose of transportation. In ancient times, it was mostly made of gold, gold, and oil. Because of its high value, it was easy to cut and divide, so it was circulated. Since the Qin Dynasty, all dynasties have been one of the best, and it is easy to travel, collect and other things, all used. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, the system of "hard work" was not simple, but it was also based on the value of the goods. In the Song Dynasty, commerce was complex, and the use of hard work was beneficial. Jiaozi, jiaozi, and other goods were also mostly based on the original. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, white goods became the mainstream. First, due to the large influx of overseas white goods, the second reason was that its manufacturing was relatively fixed, which was conducive to the development of commerce.
Second, it is a kind of utensils. It has good ductility and can be made into exquisite utensils, such as hairpins, hairpins, and so on. It is of various shapes and exquisite workmanship. Rich families and big families are mostly rich in their own way. And can be made into utensils, such as hairpins, bowls, chopsticks, etc. The ancient people often used the poison of the utensils, which was not completely scientific, but also knew that the poison would be transformed when it met.
Third, it is used in the work of religion. In terms of engineering, it can be used as a material for embedding, and the combination of beads and jade can improve the beauty of the utensils. In the field of religion, it is often used in temples, statues, and magic utensils, etc., such as Buddha and magic statues. The magic utensils used in religious forms also have a special symbolic meaning. Therefore, it has an important position in the life of the ancients, whether it is religious, life or spiritual.

Silicon is a spiritual object between heaven and earth. Its nature is unique and has various wonderful qualities.
The first word is its firmness. Silicon is hard, and ordinary things cannot be damaged. If you compare it with gold and stone, it is no better to give more. The ancient skilled craftsmen often used silicon-containing stones as tools, which were durable and could not be destroyed over the years. This firmness makes it durable in the creation of utensils.
Second, it is corrosion-resistant. Although it is eroded by wind and rain and disturbed by chemicals, silicon can often defend itself and remain unmoved. Just like the ancient virtuous man, who is not lured by foreign objects and is not yielded to difficulties. Therefore, in the field of chemical industry, silicon materials have many applications, because they can resist corrosion and protect the integrity of utensils.
Furthermore, silicon has good thermal conductivity. Heat is in silicon, and if water flows in the canal, it is smooth and unhindered. This property is crucial for many utensils, such as ancient cookware. If silicon is made of good heat conduction, it can make the heat evenly distributed, and the cooking food is delicious and of good quality. Today's equipment also relies on its ability to conduct heat to dissipate excess heat and ensure the stability of the equipment.
It also has its insulating properties. When electricity encounters silicon, if it reaches a wall, it must not pass through. In the design of circuits, insulation is essential, and silicon then assumes this responsibility, so that the current follows the rules, ensuring the safety of the user and protecting the spirit of the equipment.
And silicon has a special response to light. The art of photovoltaics relies on silicon as the base and sunlight as the power to add clean energy to the world, which is in line with the ancient way of harmony between man and nature, and the way of benefiting things and the people.
From this perspective, the nature of silicon is strong and corrosion-resistant, good at heat conduction and insulation, and can be transformed into energy in response to light. It is actually a gift from heaven and earth. It is useful in all industries and is a wonder material for creation.

Borax, its chemical properties are quite unique. Borax, chemically called sodium tetraborate decahydrate, is a borate containing crystalline water.
Its properties are soluble in water, and the aqueous solution is alkaline. In water, borax will hydrolyze, dissociating borate ions and sodium ions. This hydrolysis process makes the solution exhibit alkaline characteristics. Its alkalinity is due to the combination of borate ions to hydrogen ions ionized by water, resulting in a relatively increased concentration of hydroxide ions.
Borax has a certain stability and can maintain its own chemical structure for a long time under normal temperature and pressure. When it encounters high temperature, it will lose water and then decompose. When the temperature reaches a certain level, the crystalline water in the borax will gradually escape, and the crystal structure will also change.
In addition, borax can react with acids. When encountering strong acids, borate ions will combine with hydrogen ions in the acid to form boric acid. Boric acid is a weak acid, and this reaction reflects the salt properties of borax, which can be re-decomposed with acids to form new salts and weak acids.
In addition, borax can be used as a buffer in some chemical reactions. Because it can adjust the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution, the pH of the solution remains relatively stable. When a small amount of acid or base is added to the borax-containing solution, the hydrolysis balance of the borax will shift accordingly to counteract the effect of the added acid and base on the pH of the solution, thus ensuring that the pH of the solution does not fluctuate within a certain range. The chemical properties of borax are rich and diverse, and it is widely used in many fields. Due to its unique chemical properties, it plays an important role in industry, medicine, and scientific research.

4 - Cane sugar is a commonly used sweetener for food, and there are various methods for its synthesis. In "Tiangong Kaiwu", the preparation of cane sugar is recorded.
Sugar cane is the main source of cane sugar production. At the beginning of the production, the sugarcane is juiced first. The book says: "In the method of taking cane pulp, in October, put the sugarcane on the cart, place a kettle under the retort, and block the eyes of the cane on the top. Throw the cane on the cart, rotate the two axes, and squeeze the cane juice." This is the method of squeezing the sugarcane with an instrument to obtain cane juice.
The obtained cane juice still contains impurities, which need to be further clarified. The method is "The cane juice flows into the kettle, heat and fry, depending on the degree of boiling overflow, throw a little bit of saponin powder into it, and the floating foam will disappear immediately." This is the method of clarifying the cane juice with saponin powder, except for its floating foam impurities.
After clarification, continue to boil the cane juice over slow heat. "Fry until tender, like boiling soup, twist it with your hands, and you will believe it if it is sticky." Boil over slow heat, so that the cane juice is gradually concentrated to an appropriate consistency, and twist it with your hands to be sticky to reach a suitable level.
After that, introduce the concentrated sugar liquid into another container to cool and crystallize. "Pour the sugar liquid into the cylinder, stir it with something, and wait for it to crystallize." By stirring to promote its crystallization, sucrose is finally obtained.
In addition to sugar cane, beet is also a good material for sugar production. However, when "Tiangong Kaiwu" was in place, the sugar production method of beet was not widely spread. At that time, sugar cane was mostly used as the source, and sucrose was obtained for consumption according to the above-mentioned order of juicing, clarification, boiling and crystallization. Although these ancient methods were different from today's processes, they laid the foundation for sucrose production and were of great significance in the history of sugar development.

Silicon-based materials are useful in various fields. Looking at the field of manufacturing, silicon-based materials are the foundation of chips, and their properties are stable. They can make chips operate quickly and accurately, and make electronic devices small and powerful. Today's computers and mobile phones are thriving on this. The convenience and intelligence of things in the hands of the world are due to silicon-based.
In the realm of communication, optical fibers are made of silicon, and the transmission speed is extremely fast. The signal is stable and far-reaching, so that it can be communicated in an instant. Within the four seas, it is like being close to each other, and the communication is unobstructed. It is the power of silicon-based materials that promotes this convenience.
In the realm of energy, silicon-based photovoltaic modules can capture sunlight and convert electricity, making them the key to clean energy. This is to deal with the burgeoning energy thirst and environmental worries, so that the inexhaustible sunlight can be turned into usable electricity for the operation of lights and equipment in thousands of homes, and it has made a huge contribution to the way of sustainability.
Looking at the field of aerospace again, silicon-based materials, with their lightness and strength, reduce the weight and improve the efficiency of aircraft, help equipment to go into the air to explore the universe, observe the secrets of the nine heavens, know the wonders of the universe, and lead human beings to pursue dreams and stars.
In the field of medical treatment, silicon-based biomaterials have good compatibility, can make artificial organs and medical apparatus, help doctors heal patients, relieve their suffering, and save people from pain.
All in all, the use of silicon-based technology, communication, energy, aerospace, medical and other fields, is a key factor in promoting the progress of the world and human development, laying a solid foundation for today's world of renewal and rapid change.