4-(4-chlorobutyl)pyridine hydrochloride

What are the main uses of 4- (4-amino) pyridine and its derivatives? This substance has important applications in many fields.
In the field of medicinal chemistry, it is often used as a key intermediate. Because the structure of the pyridine ring is similar to that of many active molecules in living organisms, 4- (4-amino) pyridine and its derivatives can participate in the construction of drug molecules. For example, it can be used to synthesize compounds with specific pharmacological activities, or to develop new therapeutic drugs for certain diseases. Some of the drugs synthesized on this basis have great potential for the treatment of neurological diseases, which can regulate nerve conduction and improve related diseases.
In the field of materials science, 4- (4-amino) pyridine and its derivatives can be used to prepare functional materials. Due to their special molecular structure and chemical properties, they can endow materials with unique properties. For example, the introduction of such substances in the synthesis of certain conductive polymers can enhance the conductivity and stability of polymers, and then be used in the field of electronic devices, such as organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), solar cells, etc., to improve device performance and efficiency.
In organic synthetic chemistry, they serve as important reagents and ligands. The amino group and pyridine ring of 4- (4-amino) pyridine can participate in a variety of chemical reactions, such as nucleophilic substitution reactions, metal catalytic coupling reactions, etc. As ligands, they can form stable complexes with metal ions, which play a key role in catalytic reactions, improve reaction selectivity and catalytic efficiency, and assist in the synthesis of complex organic compounds.

There are many ways to synthesize 4- (4-cyano) benzoic anhydride, which are described as follows:
First, 4-cyanobenzoic acid is used as the starting material and synthesized by the power of dehydrating agent. If acetic anhydride is used as the dehydrating agent, under the presence of appropriate temperature and catalyst, 4-cyanobenzoic acid is co-heated with 4-cyanobenzoic acid to obtain 4- (4-cyanobenzoic anhydride. In this process, acetic anhydride and 4-cyanobenzoic acid undergo acylation reaction, which promotes the intermolecular dehydration of benzoic acid and generates corresponding acid anhydride. The reaction mechanism is as follows: the carbonyl group of acetic anhydride is attacked by the nucleophilic oxygen atom of 4-cyanobenzoic acid to form an intermediate, and then the synthesis of acid anhydride is completed through the steps of proton transfer and elimination of acetic acid.
Second, 4-cyanobenzoic acid is first converted into the corresponding acid chloride, and then reacted with 4-cyanobenzoic acid. Generally, 4-cyanobenzoyl chloride can be prepared by treating 4-cyanobenzoic acid with dichlorosulfoxide or phosphorus trichloride. 4-cyanobenzoyl chloride has very high activity, and is prone to nucleophilic substitution reaction with 4-cyanobenzoic acid in the presence of alkali, resulting in 4- (4-cyanobenzoic In this reaction, the role of the base is to neutralize the acid generated by the reaction and promote the forward progress of the reaction.
Third, 4-cyanobenzool is used as the starting material, and 4-cyanobenzoic acid is obtained by oxidation first, and then the acid anhydride is obtained according to the above method. Common oxidants in the oxidation process include potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, etc. The hydroxyl group of 4-cyanobenzoic alcohol can be oxidized to a carboxyl group. Then 4- (4-cyano) benzoic anhydride is synthesized according to the previous method, either with a dehydrating agent or through an acid chloride intermediate.
All synthesis methods have advantages and disadvantages. The method of using acetic anhydride as dehydrating agent is relatively simple to operate, and the raw materials are common; but the reaction conditions need to be precisely controlled, otherwise the yield will be affected. The method of preparing acid chloride first has high reactivity and considerable yield. However, acid chloride is active in nature, and safety should be paid attention to when preparing and using, and the reagents used are mostly corrosive. The method of starting with 4-cyanobenzyl alcohol may have advantages in the source of raw materials, but the multi-step reaction leads to a lengthy process, and the loss of each step accumulates, or the final yield is affected. In actual synthesis, the appropriate method should be carefully selected according to factors such as the availability of raw materials, cost, equipment conditions and product requirements.

The physical properties of 4- (4-amino) pyridine hydrochloride are as follows:
The hydrochloride of this compound is usually white to slightly yellow crystalline powder. It is quite stable at room temperature and pressure, but it needs to be properly stored to avoid contact with strong oxidants and other substances that may cause it to react.
When it comes to solubility, it has a certain solubility in water. This is because the structure of the amino group and the pyridine ring can interact with water molecules through hydrogen bonds and other forces, so it can be better soluble in polar solvent water. However, in non-polar organic solvents such as n-hexane, the solubility is very small. Due to the weak force between the non-polar solvent and the hydrochloride molecule, it is difficult to overcome the interaction between the hydrochloride molecules and make it dissolve.
In terms of melting point, a specific value can be obtained after measurement. This melting point is an important physical constant for identifying the compound. The melting point of the hydrochloride salts of different purity may vary slightly. Generally speaking, the higher the purity, the closer the melting point is to the theoretical value. The purity can be preliminarily judged by melting point measurement. < Br >
Its density is also a fixed physical parameter. Although relatively little attention is paid in daily applications, in some chemical production or scientific research experimental scenarios involving accurate measurement and material balance, accurate data of density is quite meaningful, which is helpful for accurately calculating parameters such as material dosage and volume.
Overall, the various physical properties of 4- (4-amino) pyridine hydrochloride provide important basis and reference for its separation, purification, identification and application in different fields.

4 - (4 -Amino) pyridine and its hydrochloride have many points to pay attention to in storage and transportation.
In terms of storage, the drying environment is the first priority. Because of its certain water absorption, if the storage environment is humid, it is easy to deliquescence and affect the quality. It should be placed in a dry and well-ventilated place, away from water sources and water vapor.
Temperature is also critical. High temperature environments should be avoided to prevent thermal decomposition or other chemical reactions. Usually store it in a cool place, and generally control the temperature below 20 ° C. In addition, care should be taken to avoid direct sunlight, which may also promote photochemical reactions and damage its chemical stability.
In addition, when storing, make sure that the package is well sealed. To prevent contact with air, so as not to be oxidized or react with other ingredients in the air.
As for transportation, make sure that the package is sturdy. In order to prevent the package from being damaged due to collision and vibration during handling and transportation, resulting in material leakage. The means of transportation also need to be kept dry and clean, and cannot be mixed with other substances that may react with it. For example, it is not allowed to be co-transported with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong alkalis, etc., because it may react violently with these substances and cause safety accidents. Transportation personnel also need to be familiar with its characteristics and emergency treatment methods, and can respond quickly and properly in the event of an accident. Only in this way can the safety and quality of 4- (4-amino) pyridine hydrochloride be ensured during storage and transportation.

According to "Tiangong Kaiwu", the market price of this product varies according to its category, quality and color, and the fineness of the process. (4 - (4 - amino) pyridine and its carboxylate, at the market price, are about a few dollars to a few taels per catty of silver grain. If its quality is pure, color is correct, and the preparation process is excellent, the price will tend to be higher, and it can reach the spectrum of several taels of silver grain; if the quality is slightly inferior, the process is ordinary, and the price may only be a few dollars of silver grain.) The quality of this product in the market is different, and the price is also staggered. Merchants trade according to the quality of the price to match its value. The range of this price is due to the difficulty of obtaining raw materials, the simplicity of the production process, and the supply and demand of the market. If the raw materials are abundant and easy to obtain, the process is simple, and the supply exceeds the demand, the price will decrease; conversely, if the raw materials are rare and rare, the process is refined, and the demand exceeds the supply, the price will increase.