3-Pyridinecarboxylicacid, copper(2+) salt (9CI)

3-Hydroxybutyrolactone (GBL, 9CI) is an organic compound with a wide range of uses in chemical and pharmaceutical fields. It has the following chemical properties:
####Hydrolysis reaction
This substance can be hydrolyzed under the catalysis of acid or base. In acidic conditions, it will gradually react with water, and the lactone ring will open to form 3-hydroxybutyric acid. In alkaline environments, the hydrolysis process is more rapid, and the generated 3-hydroxybutyric acid will further react with bases to form corresponding salts. This hydrolysis property is of great significance in organic synthesis, and 3-hydroxybutyric acid and its derivatives can be prepared by manipulating the reaction conditions.
###Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction
The carbonyl carbon of 3-hydroxybutylactone is susceptible to attack by nucleophilic reagents due to its certain positive electricity. For example, when an alcohol nucleophilic reagent exists, under suitable conditions, the oxygen atom of the alcohol will attack the carbonyl carbon, triggering nucleophilic substitution and generating ester products. This reaction can be used to prepare various esters with special structures and is crucial in the synthesis of fine chemical products.
###Reduction Reaction
This substance can be converted into other compounds by reduction means. The use of suitable reducing agents, such as lithium aluminum hydride, can reduce its lactone structure, convert the carbonyl group into a hydroxyl group, and finally produce 1,4-butanediol. 1,4-butanediol is widely used in the chemical industry and is an important raw material for the synthesis of polyester, polyurethane and other materials.
###polymerization reaction
Under specific conditions and catalysts, 3-hydroxybutyric acid lactone can undergo polymerization reaction. The hydroxyl groups in the molecule interact with the carbonyl group and gradually connect to form a polymer. The resulting polymer has unique properties, such as good biocompatibility, and has broad application prospects in the field of biomedical materials, such as degradable sutures and drug sustained-release carriers.

3-Hydroxybutylactone (γ-hydroxybutylactone, GHB lactone) (9CI) has a wide range of uses and plays an important role in many fields. I would like to describe it in detail.
In the field of medicinal chemistry, it is a key intermediate for the synthesis of various drugs. Due to its unique chemical structure, it can participate in a variety of chemical reactions and help build complex drug molecular structures. For example, in the synthesis of some neurological drugs, it can be converted into compounds with neurotransmitter activity through specific reaction pathways, providing effective drug ingredients for the treatment of neurological diseases such as epilepsy, insomnia, etc.
In the field of organic synthesis, 3-hydroxybutylactone is a very commonly used synthetic building block. Chemists can derive many organic compounds with different structures and functions by modifying their hydroxyl and lactone rings. For example, by using its reaction with halogenated hydrocarbons to achieve carbon chain growth, organic molecules with specific carbon frameworks can be prepared, laying the foundation for the synthesis of new materials, fragrances, etc.
It is also common in the fragrance industry. Because it can be converted into compounds with a special aroma by chemical reaction, it is often used to prepare various flavors. For the preparation of some fruit fragrances, 3-hydroxybutyric acid lactone is used as the starting material. After appropriate chemical modification, the flavor is endowed with a realistic fruit aroma, which is widely used in food, cosmetics and other industries to enhance the olfactory experience of products.
In addition, in biochemical research, because of its structural similarity to some metabolites in organisms, it can be used as probe molecules to help scientists explore metabolic pathways and enzymatic reaction mechanisms in organisms. By tracking its metabolic process in organisms, we can deeply understand the mysteries of life activities and provide important clues and tools for biomedical research.

Cobalt 3-hydroxybutyrate (ⅲ) ($Co (C_4H_7O_3) _3 $) is an important chemical substance. The preparation method is as follows:
Take an appropriate amount of 3-hydroxybutyric acid first. This acid can be prepared by a specific organic synthesis reaction. For example, crotonaldehyde is used as the starting material, and 3-hydroxybutyric acid can be obtained through hydration reaction and other steps. Crotonaldehyde and water under suitable catalyst and reaction conditions, the double bond is added to hydrate to produce 3-hydroxybutyric acid.
The second cobalt salt is usually cobalt acetate ($Co (CH_3COO) _2 $). Cobalt acetate can be prepared by reacting cobalt metal with acetic acid under certain conditions. The metal cobalt reacts with acetic acid to form cobalt acetate and hydrogen gas.
The obtained 3-hydroxybutyric acid is formulated into a solution of appropriate concentration, usually with water or an organic solvent as the solvent. At the same time, cobalt acetate is also formulated into a solution. Under stirring conditions, the cobalt acetate solution is slowly added dropwise to the 3-hydroxybutyric acid solution. During this process, the acetate ion undergoes an ion exchange reaction with the carboxyl group in 3-hydroxybutyric acid, and the cobalt ion coordinates with the carboxyl oxygen atom in 3-hydroxybutyric acid to gradually generate 3-hydroxybutyrate cobalt (ⅲ).
During the reaction process, the reaction temperature needs to be strictly controlled. Usually the reaction temperature is maintained at 40-60 ° C. If the temperature is too low, the reaction rate is slow and time-consuming; if the temperature is too high, it may initiate side reactions and affect the purity of the product.
In addition, the pH value of the reaction system is also very critical. Generally, the pH value is adjusted to between 6-8. The pH value can be adjusted by adding an appropriate amount of alkali, such as sodium hydroxide solution. Appropriate pH value helps to promote the positive progress of the reaction and improve the yield of the product.
After the reaction is completed, the resulting mixture is cooled and filtered to remove unreacted impurities. The filter cake is then washed with an appropriate organic solvent to further purify the product. Finally, pure 3-hydroxybutyrate cobalt (ⅲ) can be obtained by drying treatment.
This preparation method requires fine control of various reaction conditions to produce high-purity 3-hydroxybutyrate cobalt (ⅲ) to meet the application needs of different fields.

The price of 3-amino chromium (i) oxime (9CI) in the market often varies due to supply and demand, quality, and provenance.
At present, it may be used in the field of specific chemical synthesis and scientific research. If the supply is wide and needs to be flat, the price may be stable and suitable; if the supply is narrow and needs to be high, the price must rise.
At the end of the quality, those with high purity are difficult to prepare, and the materials used are expensive, and the price is higher than that of ordinary products. If it is finely purified and has small impurities, it is suitable for high-end scientific research and special industrial processes, and its price is high; while ordinary products, with slightly less purity, are used for general experiments or production that requires less harsh requirements, and the price is relatively easy.
The source is also related to the price. Those who come from large factories have mature technology, strict quality control, stable products, and slightly higher prices; while those made by small factories, although the price is low, the quality is stable or not as good as that of large factories.
Looking at various cities, the price of this substance per gram is low or a few yuan, and the high can reach tens of yuan, or even more than 100 yuan. Purchased by scientific research institutions, the quantity is small and pure, and the high-quality ones are mostly selected; in industry, if the purity requirements are not extremely strict, the one with the right price is often selected for the control.
In short, in order to know the exact price, we should consult the chemical raw material suppliers in detail, and discuss the required quality and quantity before we can get the cut value.

3-Aminopropionitrile (ⅰ) oxime (9CI) is widely used in various fields.
In the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, it is a key class of organic synthesis raw materials. With it, many pharmaceutical intermediates can be prepared. Due to the special chemical structure of this compound, it can participate in various chemical reactions, such as nucleophilic substitution and cyclization. By ingeniously designing the reaction path, it can be converted into pharmaceutical active ingredients with therapeutic effect on specific diseases. For example, in the development and synthesis of drugs for the treatment of certain neurological diseases, 3-aminopropionitrile (ⅰ) oxime (9CI) may be used as a starting material to build the basic skeleton of drug molecules through multi-step reactions, thus contributing to human health.
In the field of materials science, this compound has also made its mark. Due to the heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen contained in its structure, it is endowed with unique electronic properties and coordination capabilities. When preparing high-performance polymer materials, it can be introduced as a functional monomer to change the molecular chain structure and properties of the polymer. Such as enhancing the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the polymer, or endowing it with special optical and electrical properties. In this way, the application range of polymer materials in high-end fields such as electronic devices and aerospace has been expanded.
In the field of agricultural chemistry, 3-aminopropionitrile (ⅰ) oxime (9CI) also has its uses. It can be used as an important intermediate for the synthesis of new pesticides. Through rational molecular design and modification, pesticide products with high efficiency, low toxicity and environmental friendliness can be developed. These pesticides can effectively control crop diseases and pests, ensure the yield and quality of crops, and provide assistance for the sustainable development of agriculture. For example, the modified pesticides based on this compound can precisely act on the physiological targets of specific pests, improving the insecticidal efficiency while reducing the impact on non-target organisms.