3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 6-chloro-

3-Dicarboxylic acid, 6-bromine, has a wide range of uses.
In the field of pharmaceutical synthesis, both are important. 3-Dicarboxylic acid is often a key intermediate for the preparation of specific drugs. Because of its unique chemical structure, it can combine with many bioactive molecules to help construct compounds with specific pharmacological activities. For example, in the development of some anti-cancer drugs, 3-Dicarboxylic acid can be used as a starting material, through a series of chemical reactions, to construct structural units that interact with specific targets of cancer cells, thereby inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells.
6-bromo-compounds are also indispensable in the field of medicine. The introduction of bromine atoms can significantly change the physical and chemical properties of compounds, such as lipophilicity, electron cloud distribution, etc. This makes it easier for compounds containing 6-bromo structure to penetrate the biofilm and enhance the interaction with biomacromolecules. For some drugs that treat neurological diseases, 6-bromo-structural units can precisely regulate the ability of drugs to bind to neurotransmitter receptors and improve drug efficacy.
In the field of materials science, 3-bromo-carboxylic acids can be used to synthesize special polymer materials. By polymerizing with other monomers, polymers with special properties, such as good biocompatibility and degradability, can be prepared. Such polymers show broad application prospects in the field of biomedical materials, such as tissue engineering scaffolds and drug sustained-release carriers.
6-bromo-is also useful in the field of materials. It can be used as a reactive activity check point to participate in the construction of functional materials. For example, in the preparation of organic optoelectronic materials, 6-bromo-compounds can be introduced into conjugated systems through specific reactions to optimize the photoelectric properties of materials, such as improving the fluorescence quantum yield and carrier mobility of materials, etc., to promote the development of organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs), organic solar cells and other fields.
In the field of organic synthesis chemistry, 3-carboxylic acids and 6-bromo-compounds are commonly used as synthetic building blocks. Chemists can use them to perform various functional group transformations, carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-hetero bonds according to the mechanism of organic reactions, and realize the efficient synthesis of complex organic compounds, providing an important means for the creation of new substances.

The physical properties of 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 6-chloro- are as follows:
3-hydroxybutyric acid, its appearance is usually colorless to light yellow liquid, with a weak special odor. It is miscible with water and can be dissolved in many organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, etc. The melting point is about -43 ° C, and the boiling point is 120-122 ° C (1.33kPa). It has a certain degree of hygroscopicity. Because its molecules contain hydroxyl groups, it can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which makes it have a relatively high boiling point and solubility. In the field of organic synthesis, it is often used as an important intermediate and participates in the construction of a variety of complex organic compounds.
6-chlorine-part, if it is 6-chloro-3-hydroxybutyric acid, the physical properties are changed due to the introduction of chlorine atoms. The electronegativity of chlorine atoms is large, which will affect the polarity of molecules. The appearance may still be liquid, but the color may be slightly darker. The boiling point will increase due to the increase of intermolecular forces of chlorine atoms. The specific value needs to be accurately determined by experiments. Its density will increase compared to 3-hydroxybutyric acid, because the relative atomic weight of chlorine atoms is larger. In terms of solubility, the solubility in organic solvents may vary, and the solubility in water may be reduced due to the effect of chlorine atoms on molecular polarity. In terms of chemical properties, chlorine atoms make the compound more prone to nucleophilic substitution reactions, which can be used to introduce other functional groups and further derivatization to prepare a variety of organic products.
Overall, 3-hydroxybutyric acid and 6-chloro-3-hydroxybutyric acid exhibit unique physical properties due to the presence of hydroxyl and chlorine atoms in their structures, and have important research and application value in the field of organic chemistry.

The chemical properties of 3-amino and 6-bromine are as follows:
** Properties of 1 and 3-amino **
Amino (\ (- NH_ {2}\)) is basic. Because the nitrogen atom has a pair of lone pairs of electrons, it can accept protons and react with acids to form salts. If reacted with hydrochloric acid, the amino nitrogen atom accepts protons to form ammonium salts:\ (R - NH_ {2} + HCl\ rightarrow R - NH_ {3} ^ {+} Cl ^{-}\) 。
Amino groups can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions. Because of the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom, it is nucleophilic. Under appropriate conditions, it can react with electrophilic reagents such as halogenated hydrocarbons. The nitrogen atom attacks the carbon atom connected to the halogen in the halogenated hydrocarbons, and the halogen leaves as a leaving group to form a new\ (C-N\) bond. The
amino group can also participate in the amidation reaction. Reacting with acyl halides, acid anhydrides, etc., the amino nitrogen atom attacks the acyl carbon, and the corresponding group in the halogen atom or acid anhydride leaves to form an amide bond. This is an important method for synthesizing amide compounds.
** Properties of di- and 6-bromine **
Bromine atoms (\ (-Br\)) have strong electronegativity, which makes the connected carbon atoms partially positively charged and prone to nucleophilic substitution. In basic aqueous solutions, hydroxyl anions (\ (OH ^{-}\)） attack the carbon atoms connected to bromine as nucleophiles, and bromine leaves in the form of bromine ions (\ (Br ^{-}\)）) to form alcohols:\ (R - Br + OH ^ {-}\ rightarrow R - OH + Br ^{-}\) 。
Under the action of organometallic reagents, bromine atoms can undergo metallization reactions. Such as reacting with magnesium to form Grignard reagents:\ (R-Br + Mg\ xrightarrow {anhydrous ether} R-MgBr\), Grignard reagents are important intermediates in organic synthesis and can react with a variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to form carbon-carbon bonds.
Bromine atoms can also participate in the elimination reaction. Under the action of a strong base, the hydrogen and bromine atoms on the adjacent carbon atoms attached to the bromine atoms are removed in the form of\ (HBr\) to form carbon-carbon double bonds or triple bonds.
When 3-amino and 6-bromine are in the same compound, the chemical properties of the two affect each other. The electron-donating effect of amino groups may increase the electron cloud density of the benzene ring and other systems connected to it, which affects the nucleophilic substitution activity of 6-bromine atoms; while the electron-withdrawing effect of bromine atoms also affects the alkalinity of amino groups and other reactivities. in organic synthesis, these two can take advantage of their characteristics to construct complex organic compound structures through multi-step reactions.

The synthesis method of 3-pentenoic acid and 6-bromo-seems to refer to the synthesis of 3-pentenoic acid related to a certain substance of 6-bromo. The following is the detailed description of the method:
To prepare 3-pentenoic acid, diethyl malonate and propylene halide can be initiated by alkylation reaction. First, diethyl malonate is formed under the action of alkaline reagents such as sodium alcohol. Carbonanion, which has strong nucleophilicity, can attack the halogenated carbon atom of propylene halide, and a substitution reaction occurs to obtain alkylated diethyl malonate derivatives. Subsequently, the derivative is hydrolyzed under the catalysis of acid or base, and the ester group is converted into a carboxyl group. Then it is decarboxylated by heating to obtain 3-pentenoic acid. The reaction process is delicate, and the reaction conditions need to be precisely controlled. The alkalinity, reaction temperature and time all affect the yield and product purity.
As for the synthesis of 6-bromo-related, if it is 6-bromo alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons and other substances, the methods are different. Taking 6-bromo-1-hexanol as an example, 1,6-hexanediol can be used as a raw material and reacted with hydrobromic acid or bromine-containing reagents such as phosphorus tribromide in a suitable solvent. Phosphorus tribromide interacts with the hydroxyl group of the alcohol, causing the hydroxyl group to be replaced by the bromine atom to form 6-bromo-1-hexanol. In this reaction, the choice of solvent is very critical, not only to ensure the solubility of the reactants, but also not to interfere with the reaction process, and the post-reaction treatment needs to be meticulous to separate and purify the product.
If 6-bromo-hexanoic acid is synthesized, 1,6-hexanoic acid can be monoesterified first to protect a carboxyl group. Then brominating reagents such as N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) are used in the presence of initiators such as benzoyl peroxide to brominate the α-position of adipate monoesters and introduce Finally, the ester group is hydrolyzed to obtain 6-bromo-hexanoic acid. There are many steps in this process, and each step requires strict control of conditions to achieve the expected synthesis effect and obtain high-purity target products.

I have heard your inquiry about the price range of 3-pentenoic acid and 6-bromo-in the market. However, it needs to be made clear that the "6-bromo-" is not complete, and it is not known what it refers to when it is complete. This may make it difficult to answer accurately.
Let's talk about 3-pentenoic acid first. This is an organic compound that is useful in the fields of chemical and pharmaceutical synthesis. Its price often varies depending on the purity, output, and market supply and demand. If it is an ordinary industrial grade purity, it is about a few hundred yuan per kilogram. If it is extremely pure, it reaches the pharmaceutical grade, and is used in fine synthesis or pharmaceuticals, its price may exceed a thousand yuan per kilogram. For example, in a certain period of time, the market price of industrial grade 3-pentenoic acid with a purity of about 95% is about 500-800 yuan/kg; while the price of pharmaceutical grade products with a purity of more than 99% may be 1500-2500 yuan/kg.
As for "6-bromo-", if it is a common 6-bromohexanoic acid, it is also widely used, such as for organic synthesis and pharmaceutical intermediates. For ordinary purity, the price per kilogram may be 800-1200 yuan; for high-purity high-quality products, it may reach 1500-2000 yuan/kg. However, the market changes, and the pricing of different suppliers is different, and the price also fluctuates due to whether to purchase in bulk or not. If the batch is large, the unit price may be slightly reduced. Therefore, for accurate prices, you need to consult each supplier in detail, subject to real-time market conditions.