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3-pyridinecarbonitrile, what is the chemical structure of 2-phenyl-
The chemical structure of 3-pyridinecarbonitrile, 2-phenyl-, is as follows. This compound is connected by a pyridine ring to a nitrile group, and the second position of the pyridine ring is connected with a phenyl group.
The pyridine ring is a six-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, which is aromatic. The nitrile group is cyano (-CN), which is connected to the third carbon position of the pyridine ring. At the second position of the pyridine ring, the benzene ring is connected by a carbon-carbon bond. The benzene ring is a six-membered carbon ring, which is also aromatic.
This structure gives the compound the properties of both pyridine and benzene. The conjugated system of pyridine ring and benzene ring affects its electron cloud distribution and chemical activity. The existence of nitrile groups endows it with unique reactivity and can participate in a variety of organic reactions, such as hydrolysis to carboxylic acids, reduction to amines, etc. This structure may have important uses in the fields of organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Due to the structure of pyridine and benzene, it often appears in various bioactive molecules and functional materials.
3-pyridinecarbonitrile, what are the physical properties of 2-phenyl-
3-Pyridineformonitrile, 2-phenyl This substance has many physical properties. Its appearance is often solid, but it varies depending on the surrounding conditions. Its melting point is also a key property. Under certain conditions, it can reach a certain temperature, which defines the critical temperature for it to change from solid to liquid.
Furthermore, the boiling point is also an important property. When the temperature rises to the corresponding boiling point, the substance changes from liquid to gaseous state. In terms of solubility, it shows different behaviors in different solvents. In polar solvents, there may be a certain solubility due to intermolecular interactions; in non-polar solvents, the solubility may vary, or it is limited due to the mismatch between molecular polarity and solvent. The density of
is also a consideration, indicating that the mass of the substance per unit volume reflects its compactness. In addition, its refractive index is also a unique property. When light passes through the substance, it is refracted according to a specific law, which is of great significance in optics-related applications.
In the crystalline form, its lattice structure and arrangement are ordered, and this structure affects many of its physical properties, such as hardness and stability. Overall, the physical properties of this substance are complex and diverse, interrelated, laying the foundation for its application in different fields.
3-pyridinecarbonitrile, what are the common uses of 2-phenyl-
The common preparation methods of 3-pyridineformonitrile, 2-phenyl-this substance are not detailed in ancient books, but today's chemical experts also have methods to follow according to their chemical principles.
First, it can be prepared by the nitrile and phenylation of pyridine derivatives. First, take pyridine compounds, introduce nitrile groups through appropriate reaction conditions, and make pyridineformonitrile intermediates. This process requires fine regulation of reaction temperature, pressure and the reagents used. Commonly used nitrile reagents, such as cyanogen halide and metal cyanide, are selected according to the activity and reaction requirements of the substrate. Then, for the intermediate of pyridineformonitrile, phenyl groups are introduced by arylation reaction. This arylation is usually characterized by palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions, such as Suzuki coupling, Heck coupling, etc. In Suzuki coupling, a suitable aryl boric acid or borate ester needs to be selected, and the intermediate of pyridineformonitrile is reacted in a suitable solvent in the presence of palladium catalyst and base. The reaction solvent is often dioxane, toluene, etc., and bases such as potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate. Through this step, the phenyl group can be connected to a specific position of pyridineformonitrile, and the final product is 3-pyridineformonitrile and 2-phenyl.
Second, there is also a method of using benzene derivatives as starting materials. First, benzene undergoes a specific substitution reaction to introduce functional groups related to the construction of the pyridine ring. After cyclization, the pyridine ring is constructed, and the nitrile group is retained or introduced at the appropriate check point of the pyridine ring. The conditions of this cyclization reaction are strict, and different methods such as acid, base or metal catalysis are selected depending on the specific structure of the reactant. After the pyridine ring is formed and has a nitrile group, the subsequent modification reaction makes the 2-position of the pyridine ring connected to the phenyl group to achieve the synthesis of the target product. In this process, each step of the reaction needs to be carefully controlled, from the purity of the raw material, the monitoring of the reaction process, to the separation and purification of the product, all of which are related to the quality and yield of the final product.
3-pyridinecarbonitrile, what are the preparation methods of 2-phenyl-
The method of preparing 2-phenyl-3-pyridinecarbonitrile has had its own advantages throughout the ages.
First, start with pyridine derivatives. Take a specific pyridine compound, add an appropriate amount of basic catalyst, such as potassium carbonate, in a suitable reaction kettle, supplemented by a phase transfer catalyst, heat up to a certain temperature, about 80 to 100 degrees Celsius, and put in a halogenated benzene reagent, and the two then start a nucleophilic substitution reaction. This process requires fine control of the reaction time, about 3 to 5 hours, during which the reaction progress is closely monitored. When the reaction is complete, the target product can be obtained after extraction and column chromatography.
Second, start from benzene derivatives. A benzene compound containing a specific substituent is placed in an organic solvent, such as dichloromethane or toluene, with a precursor of pyridinecarbonitrile. A metal catalyst, such as a palladium catalyst, is introduced, a ligand is added to increase the catalytic activity, and an inert gas is introduced to protect the reaction environment. The temperature is raised to 60 to 80 degrees Celsius, and the coupling reaction is catalyzed by a metal. After 4 to 6 hours, the reaction is gradually completed. The product is purified by distillation and recrystallization, and the final product is 2-phenyl-3-pyridinecarbonitrile.
Third, a cyclization strategy is adopted. A chain-like compound with suitable functional groups is selected and heated in a strongly acidic or basic medium to initiate an intramolecular cyclization reaction. For example, the chain precursor containing nitrile and aryl groups is heated to 120 to 150 degrees Celsius in concentrated sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide solution to promote its cyclization to form pyridine rings, and then the target product can be obtained. However, this approach requires strict conditions, fine regulation of reaction conditions, and delicate methods for product separation and purification to obtain high-purity 2-phenyl-3-pyridinitrile.
3-pyridinecarbonitrile, what are the properties of 2-phenyl- in chemical reactions
3-Pyridinecarbonitrile, 2-phenyl This substance has many specific properties in chemical reactions. Its structure contains pyridine ring, cyano group and phenyl group, and this unique structure endows it with various reactivity.
Pyridine ring has aromatic properties, unique electron cloud distribution, and can participate in electrophilic substitution and nucleophilic substitution reactions. The nitrogen atom on the ring has a lone pair of electrons and is basic. It can form salts with acids or act as electron donors in nucleophilic reactions. Cyanyl is active and can be hydrolyzed to carboxyl groups or reduced to amino groups. It is often a key reaction check point in the formation of heterocyclic rings and carbon-carbon bonds.
Phenyl is also aromatic, which can stabilize the molecular structure and affect the reaction selectivity. Because of its high electron cloud density, it can participate in electrophilic substitution reactions, such as Fourier-Gram reaction. 2-Phenyl-3-pyridineformonitrile because of the coexistence of two groups, under different reaction conditions, each group reacts either sequentially or synergistically.
In alkaline conditions, cyano or hydrolysis first; in the presence of electrophilic reagents, pyridine rings and phenyl groups react at different positions according to the difference in electron cloud density and steric resistance. And because the compound contains multiple unsaturated bonds, it can participate in addition reactions, such as cycloaddition reactions with olefins, alkynes, etc., to construct complex cyclic structures. Overall, its structural complexity and group activity make it an important intermediate in the field of organic synthesis, allowing it to create various functional organic compounds through various reaction pathways.
