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3-Hydroxybutyrate is a class of organic compounds with unique chemical properties. Among them, ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate has many characteristics. In terms of solubility, it is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether, but its solubility in water is poor. Due to the molecular structure, ethyl is a hydrophobic group, which greatly affects its solubility in water.
In terms of chemical activity, the hydroxyl group in 3-hydroxybutyrate is active and can participate in the esterification reaction. In case of carboxylic acid, under suitable catalyst and reaction conditions, the hydroxyl group will dehydrate and condensate with the carboxyl group to form new ester compounds. For example, ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetic acid can be esterified under concentrated sulfuric acid catalysis and heating conditions to form 3-hydroxybutyl acetate and water.
And, because the molecule contains both hydroxyl and ester groups, 3-hydroxybutyrate can also undergo intramolecular esterification. Under specific conditions, the intramolecular hydroxyl group interacts with the ester group to form a cyclic compound. This process requires more harsh reaction conditions. Temperature, catalyst type and dosage will affect the reaction process and product structure.
In addition, the ester group of 3-hydroxybutyrate can undergo hydrolysis reaction. Under acidic conditions, the hydrolysis reaction is reversible, resulting in 3-hydroxybutyric acid and corresponding alcohols; under alkaline conditions, the hydrolysis reaction tends to be complete, resulting in 3-hydroxybutyrate and alcohols. Taking methyl 3-hydroxybutyrate as an example, when heated in a sodium hydroxide solution, it will hydrolyze to produce sodium 3-hydroxybutyrate and methanol.
These chemical properties make 3-hydroxybutyrate widely used in the field of organic synthesis, and can be used as an intermediate for the preparation of a variety of complex organic compounds. It also plays an important role in the pharmaceutical, fragrance and other industries.

The main uses of 3-boronic acid pinacol esters include the following:
First, it is an extremely important reagent in the field of organic synthesis. It is often involved in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. In this reaction, 3-boronic acid pinacol esters can be coupled with halogenated aromatics, halogenated olefins, etc. under the action of palladium catalysts and bases to form carbon-carbon bonds. It is of key value in the fields of drug synthesis and materials science. For example, in the creation of new drug molecules, through this reaction, different structural fragments can be precisely spliced to obtain compounds with specific physiological activities. < Br >
Second, it has many applications in the preparation of materials. Due to the special photoelectric properties of borate esters, 3-boronic acid pinacol esters can be used as raw materials and introduced into the structure of polymer materials through specific chemical reactions. The materials prepared by this may have unique fluorescence and electrical conductivity properties, which can play an important role in the research and development of organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs), solar cells and other materials.
Third, it can also be seen in the field of chemical analysis. Due to its structural properties, it can selectively react with certain specific compounds, so it can be used to detect and identify specific analytes. For example, with carbohydrates containing cis-diol structure, stable cyclic borate esters can be formed, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of carbohydrates can be realized by monitoring this reaction.
In summary, 3-boronic acid pinacol esters have shown non-negligible uses in many fields such as organic synthesis, material preparation, and chemical analysis, providing important support for the development of chemical research and related industries.

There are various methods for the synthesis of 3-hydroxybutyrate, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Choose the best one according to the needs.
One is a chemical synthesis method. Using suitable organic compounds as starting materials, the molecular structure of 3-hydroxybutyrate can be constructed by chemical reaction. For example, specific formaldehyde, ketone and other compounds can be obtained through a series of reactions such as addition and esterification under appropriate catalysts and reaction conditions. The advantage of this method is that it can be mass-produced, the reaction conditions are relatively easy to control, and it can meet the demand for yield in industrial production. However, it also has drawbacks. The synthesis steps may be complicated, requiring multiple steps to achieve the target product, and the chemical reagents used may be toxic and polluting, which is not friendly to the environment. The post-treatment process is also more complicated, requiring fine operation to remove impurities.
The second is biosynthesis. 3-hydroxybutyrate is synthesized by the catalytic action of microorganisms or enzymes. Microorganisms can convert specific carbon sources into 3-hydroxybutyrate under suitable culture conditions. This process depends on the metabolic pathway and enzyme system in the microorganism. Biosynthesis is green and environmentally friendly, the reaction conditions are mild, no extreme conditions such as high temperature and high pressure are required, and the product specificity is high and there are relatively few impurities. However, it also faces challenges. The microbial culture conditions need to be precisely controlled, the culture cycle may be long, the production efficiency is relatively low, and the microorganisms are easily affected by the external environment, such as slight changes in temperature, pH value, etc., or fluctuations in yield and quality.
The third is the enzyme catalytic synthesis method. Select a specific enzyme as a catalyst to catalyze the synthesis of 3-hydroxybutyrate from the substrate. Enzymes are efficient and specific, which can make the reaction proceed selectively, reduce the occurrence of side reactions, and have high product purity. However, the cost of enzymes is high, the stability is poor, and the requirements for the reaction environment are harsh. Caution is required for storage and use, and large-scale applications may be limited by cost.

When processing sour corners, pay attention to many matters when storing.
After the sour corners are picked, the first weight should be selected. It is necessary to carefully observe the sour corners, remove their impurities and spoilage, and keep them pure. If there is attached mud, branches and leaves, etc., it should be washed and removed gently, but it should not be soaked in water for a long time to prevent nutrient loss.
The method of processing is also important. Or steam it, or boil it, or sun it, each has its own suitability. For steamers, steam it at a moderate heat until it is cooked, so that the sour corners can be softened and easy to follow up. When cooking, control the amount of water and duration, and do not make it too rotten. If you are in the sun, you need to choose a sunny day, spread the sour horn evenly, and turn it often to make it evenly exposed to light and dry.
Store in a dry and ventilated place. Moisture is the enemy of sour horn, easy to cause its mildew and deterioration. If stored in a humid place, the surface of sour horn will develop mildew and taste will deteriorate after a long time. It can be held in a clean container, such as clay jars, wooden boxes, etc., tightly sealed to prevent moisture from invading.
In addition, the temperature should also be paid attention to. Extreme heat can easily make sour horn ferment and rot, and severe cold may cause frostbite. It is better to be at room temperature and have small temperature fluctuations.
During storage, it should also be checked regularly. Check for any discoloration, odor, or mildew. If you see any abnormalities, deal with them as soon as possible. If you find that individual sour corners are moldy, you should pick them out immediately to avoid harming others.
In this way, all things processed and stored in sour corners should be done with caution in order to preserve their quality and enjoy their efficacy and deliciousness when they are used in the future.

I look at your question, but I am inquiring about the market price of 3-hydroxybutyrate. In the current market, the price of this 3-hydroxybutyrate varies depending on the quality, origin, and supply and demand.
Among all kinds of quality, high purity, complicated craftsmanship and excellent materials are used, so the price is high; for low purity, the preparation is slightly easier, the cost is slightly reduced, and the price is also reduced. The difference in origin also affects the price. If the product is convenient and the transportation is smooth, the price may be relatively easy; if it is remote and difficult to transport, the cost will increase, and the price will also be high.
And the state of market supply and demand is the main reason for price changes. If there are many people who want it, and there are few people who supply it, the price will go up; if there is an oversupply, the merchant will reduce the price in order to sell his goods.
Roughly speaking, the price of 3-hydroxybutyrate ester of ordinary quality may range from tens of yuan to hundreds of yuan per gram; if it is a high-purity high-quality product, the price per gram can reach hundreds of yuan. However, this is only a rough estimate, and the actual price should be subject to real-time market conditions. Businesspeople are in the market, and the price often changes from time to time, and there are promotions, discounts, etc., which will make the price fluctuate. If you want to know the exact price, you must carefully observe the market situation and negotiate with various suppliers before you can get it.