2-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 3-amino-

3-Amino-2-hydroxypropionic acid, or serine, has a wide range of main uses.
In the field of medicine, serine can be used as an amino acid drug. Because it is a non-essential amino acid in the human body, it can participate in human protein synthesis and is of great significance for maintaining normal physiological functions of the human body. For the wounded and convalescent people, appropriate supplementation of serine can help them better restore physical function, promote protein synthesis and repair damaged tissues.
In the food industry, serine is often used as a food additive. On the one hand, it can enhance the nutritional value of food, make food nutrition more balanced, and meet the nutritional needs of different groups of people; on the other hand, serine has a certain flavor-enhancing effect, which can improve the flavor of food, enhance the taste and quality of food, and is widely used in various processed foods.
In the cosmetics industry, serine also plays an important role. Because of its moisturizing properties, it can help the skin retain moisture, improve the moisture and gloss of the skin, and prevent dry and rough skin. At the same time, serine also has a certain repair effect on the skin, which can soothe the the skin and reduce the damage caused by external stimuli. It is often used in skin care product formulations.
In addition, in the field of biochemicals, serine is often used as an important biochemical reagent and intermediate. It can be used to synthesize a variety of biologically active substances, pharmaceutical intermediates, and functional materials, and is widely used in biosynthesis, organic synthesis, and other fields. It provides key raw materials for R & D and production in related fields.

3-Amino-2-pentenoic acid is an organic compound with unique physical properties. From the perspective of Tiangongkai, it can be described as follows.
In terms of its color state, it can be a colorless to light yellow liquid at room temperature and pressure, or a white to light yellow crystalline powder. Due to the interaction between amino groups and enoic acid groups in the molecular structure, its aggregation state may be possible. Its odor may have a weak special odor. The amino group and enoic acid structure work together to make the odor unique but not too strong.
Melting point and boiling point, melting point or due to intermolecular hydrogen bonds and other interaction forces exist in a specific range. Amino and carboxyl groups can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and the melting point is increased, or about tens of degrees Celsius to 100 degrees Celsius. The boiling point depends on the relative molecular weight and intermolecular forces, or at higher temperatures, such as 200 degrees Celsius. The specific value is affected by the molecular configuration and impurities.
In terms of solubility, due to the hydrophilic amino and carboxyl groups, it is slightly soluble in water, and it is more soluble in polar organic solvents such as ethanol and methanol. Amino and carboxyl groups can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, but the pentenyl group in the molecule is the hydrophobic part, which limits its solubility in water. In organic solvents, due to the principle of similar miscibility, the solubility is better. < Br >
The density may be slightly higher than that of water, and the molecular structure consists of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms, so that the ratio of mass to volume is greater than that of water, or between 1.1 and 1.3 grams per cubic centimeter.
The physical properties of 3-amino-2-pentenoic acid are determined by its molecular structure, and each property is interrelated, which affects its state and behavior in different environments, and has potential application value in many fields.

3-Amino-2-hydroxybutyric acid is an organic compound. Its chemical properties are unique and significant in many fields.
This compound has the dual characteristics of acidity and alkalinity. Because it contains an amino group, the amino group can accept protons, so it is basic; it also contains a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group. The carboxyl group can ionize protons, and the hydroxyl group can also be acidic under specific conditions, which is one of its important chemical properties.
In chemical reactions, amino groups can participate in many reactions. For example, it reacts with acids to form salts to form corresponding salts. It can react with acyl halides, acid anhydrides, etc. to form amide compounds. This amide product has potential applications in medicine, materials and other fields. < Br >
Carboxyl groups can also participate in many reactions. It can be esterified with alcohols under acid catalysis to form ester compounds. Esters often have a special aroma and are used in the fragrance industry. And the carboxyl group can undergo decarboxylation reaction, losing carbon dioxide under specific conditions to form corresponding hydrocarbons or other compounds.
Hydroxy groups also exhibit unique reactivity. It can react with active metals such as sodium to release hydrogen gas. It can participate in dehydration reactions, removing a molecule of water from hydrogen atoms on adjacent carbon atoms to form double bonds, which is one of the ways to prepare compounds containing double bonds.
In addition, different functional groups in the 3-amino-2-hydroxybutyric acid molecule interact with each other. For example, the presence of amino groups can affect the acidity of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, and conversely, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups also have an effect on the basicity of amino groups. This interaction results in a variety of reaction paths and products for the compound under different reaction conditions, providing rich possibilities for organic synthesis and chemistry research.

There are various methods for synthesizing 3-amino-2-pentenoic acid. One is to use pentene as the starting material and introduce a halogen atom on the pentene molecule through a halogenation reaction. The introduced halogen atom can be replaced by an amino group through a nucleophilic substitution reaction to obtain an amino-containing pentene derivative. Subsequently, by an appropriate oxidation reaction, a carboxyl group is introduced at a suitable position to obtain 3-amino-2-pentenoic acid.
Furthermore, a glutaric acid derivative with an appropriate substituent can be started. First, one of the carboxyl groups of the glutaric acid is properly protected to avoid interference in subsequent reactions. Then, through a selective reduction reaction, another carboxyl group is converted into a suitable functional group for subsequent introduction of amino groups. After a specific reaction, the protected carboxyl group is deprotected, and an amino group is introduced at the same time. After a series of reaction steps, 3-amino-2-pentenoic acid can also be obtained.
Another way is to start with aldehyde compounds and nitrogen-containing reagents. The aldehyde and nitrogen-containing reagents are condensed to form an intermediate containing double bonds and amino groups. Then through the carbon chain growth reaction, the carbon chain is extended at a suitable position to construct the pentene structure. Finally, through oxidation and other reactions, carboxyl groups are formed at specific positions, and the reaction conditions of each step are carefully adjusted to make the reaction proceed in the expected direction, and the final product 3-amino-2-pentenoic acid is obtained. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. In practical application, it is selected according to factors such as raw material availability, difficulty of reaction conditions, product purity and yield.

3-Amino-2-pentenoic acid is a rare organic compound, and its price range is quite difficult to determine above the market. Its price is influenced by many factors, such as the simplicity of the preparation process, the amount of market demand, the cost of raw materials, and the abundance of output.
If the preparation process is complicated, it needs to go through multiple steps of reaction, and the reaction conditions are strict, such as precise temperature and pressure control, high-purity raw materials and special catalysts, which will lead to a significant increase in production costs and high prices.
If the market demand is strong, but the output is limited and the supply is in short supply, its price will also rise. On the contrary, demand is weak, while overcapacity, oversupply, and prices are at risk of falling.
The cost of raw materials is also key. If the raw materials required for the preparation of 3-amino-2-valenoic acid are scarce and expensive, or the prices of raw materials fluctuate frequently, the prices of the compounds will also fluctuate.
Judging from the current chemical product market conditions, such relatively uncommon organic compounds, if there is no special large-scale industrial demand, are only used for laboratory research purposes, and their prices may reach tens or even hundreds of yuan per gram due to the difficulty of preparation. If the preparation process is optimized, large-scale production is achieved, and the market demand increases simultaneously, the price may be reduced due to the scale effect, but each gram may also be between a few yuan and tens of yuan.
However, the market price changes rapidly. To know the exact price range, you need to consult the relevant chemical product suppliers, traders, or explore the latest quotations on professional chemical product trading platforms.