2-cyano-5-bromopyridine

Halogen alkali has a wide range of main uses. In the medical profession, halogen alkali has the effect of clearing away heat and purging fire, reducing phlegm and softening. Ancient doctors often used halogen alkali to treat all kinds of heat syndromes. If the body accumulates heat, causing swelling and pain in the throat and sores on the tongue, use halogen alkali to clear heat and reduce fire, which can make the heat evil drain and the swelling and pain gradually disappear.
And halogen alkali also plays an important role in reducing phlegm softening and firming. If people have the disease of scrotum and sputum nucleus due to the condensation of phlegm, halogen alkali can reduce phlegm, disperse solid blocks, and help the body recover.
In the field of industry, halogen alkali also has its uses. It can be used as a flux, in metallurgy and other industries, it can reduce the melting point of ore, make metal extraction smoother, improve smelting efficiency, and help the process of industrial production.
In agriculture, haline and alkali can also play a role. Reasonable application can adjust soil pH, improve soil structure, make the land more suitable for crop growth, and help improve the quality and quantity of agricultural products.
In the manufacture of daily uses, haline and alkali are also involved. It can participate in the preparation of certain cleaning agents, and by virtue of its characteristics, it can enhance the ability of cleaning and decontamination, and bring convenience to life.
Haline has a wide range of uses, and it has shown its important value in medicine, industry, agriculture, and daily life, adding help to people's livelihood.

To make alkoxylates, there are three methods.
One is the reaction of alkoxides and halogenated hydrocarbons. Alcohols can be obtained by interacting with strong bases such as sodium metal or sodium hydride. If ethanol is mixed with sodium metal, the reaction is violent, and hydrogen escapes to form sodium ethanol. Then, the sodium ethanol meets the halogenated hydrocarbons, and the halogenated atom of the halogenated hydrocarbons is replaced by an alkoxy group to obtain an alkoxylate. This reaction condition is mild and the yield is quite high. However, the halogenated hydrocarbons need to be pure, and the reaction will produce sodium halides by-products, which need to be properly separated.
The second is the Williamson synthesis method. React with alcohol and sulfate or sulfonate. The alcohol is first converted into the corresponding sodium alcohol, and then reacted with dimethyl sulfate or methyl p-toluenesulfonate. For example, sodium methoxide and dimethyl sulfate are co-heated, the sulfate is left, and the methoxy matrix is replaced to form methyl ether alkoxylates. This method is convenient to operate, and the activity of sulfate and sulfonate is good. However, sulfate is toxic, and careful protection is required during operation.
The third is the addition reaction of alcohol and olefin. In the presence of acidic catalysts such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid, alcohol can be added to olefins. Taking ethanol and ethylene as an example, under the catalysis of sulfuric acid, the ethylene double bond is opened, the hydroxyl group of ethanol is added to one end, and the ethyl group is connected to the other end to form ethoxyethane. This reaction has high atom utilization and a wide range of raw olefin sources. However, specific catalysts and suitable reaction conditions are required for the reaction, and side reactions may occur, which may affect the purity of the product.

Mercury, commonly known as mercury, is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature, and its physical properties are very unique.
The liquid properties of mercury are quite remarkable, and its fluidity is excellent. It is like a smart water, and it flows when poured. It has no fixed shape and can change according to the shape of the container. This characteristic has been applied in many occasions, such as the ancient mercury thermometer, which uses the characteristics of mercury expansion and contraction when heated to accurately measure temperature changes. Looking at its flow in a thin tube, it can know the temperature.
Furthermore, the density of mercury is very high, reaching 13.59 grams per cubic centimeter. Compared with common metals, such as iron, the density of mercury is 7.87 grams per cubic centimeter. Due to its high density, it can play an important role in some specific devices, such as in some pressure measuring instruments, with its high density characteristics to achieve accurate pressure indication.
The surface tension of mercury is also considerable. On a clean plane, mercury droplets will shrink into a nearly perfect spherical shape. This is because the surface tension prompts mercury to minimize the surface area. This property makes it particularly meaningful in the operation and research of some small scales.
However, although mercury has unique physical properties, it is highly volatile and can evaporate into mercury vapor at room temperature, and mercury and its compounds are mostly toxic. Although the ancients did not know the principle of its toxicity, they were also aware of its danger in long-term practice. For example, in alchemy and other activities, if improperly disposed of, exposure to mercury can easily cause poisoning and endanger human health. Therefore, when using the unique physical properties of mercury, it is necessary to be careful and take good protection to avoid being poisoned by it.

Today, there is a market price of alum and glauberite, and everyone wants to know it. Alum is a mineral, its cold nature, wide medicinal use, and various uses in industry. Glauberite is also a mineral, with the ability to relax and firm, clear heat and reduce swelling.
However, it is not easy to know the market price of the two. The price varies with many factors. First, the origin is different, and the price is different. If the place where the alum is produced is rich in mineral sources and easy to mine, the price may be slightly lower; conversely, if it is remote and difficult to mine, the price must be high. The same is true for glauberite. The distance of the origin and the quality of the minerals are all related to its price.
Second, the needs of the times are also important reasons. If there is a large increase in the demand for alum and mirabilite in the pharmaceutical industry, or there is a sudden use of alum and mirabilite in industry, the supply will exceed the demand, and the price will rise. If it is in the off-season, there is little demand, and the price may decline.
Third, the competition in the market also affects its price. There are many people selling alum and mirabilite in the market, competing with each other for profits, or lowering prices for customers; if there are few sellers, forming a monopolistic trend, the price may be controlled by them to rise.
Therefore, if you want to know the current market price of alum and mirabilite, you must search the commercial news, observe the market situation in various places, understand the changes in supply and demand, and observe the state of competition. Only by visiting pharmaceutical merchants, industrialists, or going to the market for details can you get a more accurate price. However, this price is not constant, and the time varies depending on the above factors.

Mercury is highly toxic, especially alkyl mercury, and mercury and its compounds need careful attention during storage and transportation.
First, when storing, choose a suitable place. It should be placed in a cool and ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources. It is easy to evaporate mercury due to high temperature, which increases the risk of poisoning. And it should be stored in isolation from acids, alkalis and strong oxidants to prevent chemical reactions and generate more toxic substances. Storage containers should also be strong and well sealed. Thick glass or metal containers are often used to avoid mercury leakage.
Second, during transportation, the packaging must be stable. Professional packaging materials should be used to ensure that it will not be damaged during transportation bumps. Transportation vehicles should be equipped with anti-leakage devices and emergency treatment tools in case of leakage and can respond in time. Transportation personnel need to be professionally trained and familiar with the characteristics of mercury and its compounds and emergency treatment methods.
Third, whether it is storage or transportation, it must strictly follow relevant regulations and standards. Keep detailed records, covering quantity, source, whereabouts and other information for traceability and supervision. Once mercury leakage is detected, personnel must be evacuated immediately, and the contaminated area should be isolated. Emergency personnel should wear professional protective equipment and adopt appropriate methods to collect and deal with the leaked mercury to avoid its spread and pollution of the environment. Do not take it lightly, so as not to cause major disasters to people and the environment.