2-chloro-5-fluoro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid

2-Chloro-5-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid, this is an organic compound. Its physical properties are related to the appearance, melting point, boiling point, solubility, density, stability and other numbers.
Looking at its appearance, it is mostly white to light yellow crystalline powder at room temperature and pressure. This form is easy to store and use, and the crystalline structure is often closely related to the intermolecular force.
As for the melting point, due to the chlorine, fluorine atoms and carboxyl groups in the molecular structure, its melting point may be in a specific range. Chlorine and fluorine atoms have high electronegativity, which will affect the intermolecular force and cause the melting point to change. According to relevant studies and the characteristics of similar structural compounds, its melting point may be between 150 and 180 ° C.
In terms of boiling point, the compound contains polar groups, with strong intermolecular forces and relatively high boiling point. However, the exact boiling point is restricted by many factors, such as purity. Under normal pressure, the boiling point may be above 300 ° C. Because during the heating process, it is necessary to overcome various intermolecular forces in order to convert from liquid to gaseous state.
In terms of solubility, due to its carboxyl-containing hydrophilic group, it may have a certain solubility in polar solvents such as water. However, the presence of chlorine and fluorine atoms will reduce its water solubility. Therefore, the solubility in water may be limited, but it is better in organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and dichloromethane. This property is of great significance in the separation, purification, and solvent selection of compounds.
Density is also an important physical property. The relative atomic weight of chlorine and fluorine atoms in the molecule is relatively large, resulting in an increase in molecular weight, so the density may be greater than that of water. The specific value will vary depending on factors such as crystal structure, roughly 1.5-1.8 g/cm ³.
Stability is related to the storage and application of the compound. Its pyridine ring is relatively stable, but the carboxyl group has a certain reactivity. Under specific conditions, such as strong acid, strong base environment or high temperature, reactions may occur. Although chlorine and fluorine atoms enhance molecular stability, they may also be replaced under some reaction conditions such as nucleophilic substitution. Under normal storage conditions, the compound can be maintained relatively stable in a dry and cool place.

In the synthesis of 2-chloro-5-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid, there are several common methods as follows.
One is to start with a compound containing a pyridine structure. For example, select an appropriate pyridine derivative, which already has a transformable group at a specific position in the pyridine ring. Chlorine atoms can be introduced into the pyridine ring first, and this process may require electrophilic substitution. Commonly used chlorination reagents such as phosphorus oxychloride react with pyridine derivatives under suitable reaction conditions, such as specific temperatures and catalysts, so that chlorine atoms selectively replace hydrogen atoms at the target position. Then, fluorine atoms are introduced, and the fluorination reaction usually requires special reaction conditions and reagents, such as the use of fluorine sources such as potassium fluoride, under the action of a phase transfer catalyst, fluorine atoms are substituted for other groups at specific positions to obtain 2-chloro-5-fluoropyridine derivatives. Finally, through a specific oxidation reaction, the side chain groups at specific positions on the pyridine ring are converted into carboxyl groups, such as potassium permanganate and other oxidants, under suitable solvents and reaction temperatures, to achieve this conversion, and then 2-chloro-5-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acids are obtained.
Second, the synthesis route can be designed from the construction of the pyridine ring. The pyridine ring structure is constructed by multi-step reaction with appropriate nitrogenous and carbon-containing compounds as raw materials. For example, the cyclization of nitriles and carbonyl-containing compounds under specific catalyst and reaction conditions is used to form pyridine rings. During the cyclization process, the reaction conditions and the structure of the raw materials are skillfully controlled, so that the specific positions on the pyridine ring are pre-loaded with groups that can be further converted into chlorine, fluorine and carboxyl groups. Subsequently, chlorination, fluorination and carboxylation reactions are carried out in sequence. Each step requires precise control of the reaction conditions to achieve the desired selectivity and yield, and finally the 2-chloro-5-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid is successfully synthesized.
Furthermore, it is also possible to consider using halogenated pyridine as the starting material, first performing the fluorination reaction, and then introducing the carboxyl group through a suitable reaction. In this process, the control of the conditions of the fluorination reaction is extremely critical, and it is necessary to ensure that the fluorine atom accurately replaces the halogen atom at the target position. The carboxylation reaction can use different methods, such as reacting with carbon dioxide under specific metal catalysts and reaction conditions, so that the carboxyl group is connected to the pyridine ring to achieve the synthesis of 2-chloro-5-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid.

2-Chloro-5-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid, this compound has extraordinary applications in many fields such as medicine, pesticides and materials.
In the field of medicine, due to its specific chemical structure and properties, it can be used as a key intermediate to create new drugs. The presence of pyridine rings and chlorine and fluorine atoms endows it with unique biological activities and pharmacological properties. For example, it can be used to synthesize antibacterial drugs, which can inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria by virtue of their effect on specific metabolic pathways or cell structures of bacteria; or it can play a role in the research and development of anti-cancer drugs, using the interaction with specific targets of cancer cells to hinder the proliferation of cancer cells and induce their apoptosis.
In the field of pesticides, 2-chloro-5-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid can be used as an important raw material for the synthesis of high-efficiency pesticides. The introduction of pyridine structure and halogen atoms can enhance the toxicity and selectivity of pesticides to pests and bacteria. For example, insecticides can be prepared, which have high toxic activity against specific pests and low toxicity to non-target organisms, which is conducive to environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development; it can also be used to create fungicides, which can effectively inhibit the growth of crop pathogens, ensure the healthy growth of crops, and improve yield and quality.
In the field of materials, it can participate in the synthesis of functional materials. Due to its certain reactivity and stability, it may be used to prepare materials with special optical and electrical properties. For example, in the synthesis of organic optoelectronic materials, it is introduced as a structural unit to change the electron cloud distribution and conjugate structure of the material, and then regulate the luminescence, electrical conductivity and other properties of the material, providing new options for the research and development of organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), solar cells and other materials.

2-Chloro-5-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid is an important organic synthesis intermediate in the field of fine chemicals. It is widely used in various industries such as medicine, pesticides and material science. As for its market price, it is difficult to generalize, because there are many factors affecting its audience.
The first to bear the brunt is the state of market supply and demand. If the market demand for pharmaceutical products or pesticides containing this compound is strong, but the supply is relatively scarce, its price will rise; conversely, if the supply exceeds the demand, the price may fall.
Furthermore, production costs are also a key factor. The difficulty of obtaining raw materials and the complexity of the production process all affect the cost. If the required raw materials are scarce and expensive, or the production process requires fine operation and high-end equipment, the cost will be high, and the price will also rise.
In addition, the price varies depending on the manufacturer. Well-known large factories may have higher prices due to stable product quality and advanced technology; while some small factories may compete at low prices in order to gain market share.
According to the rough view of past market conditions, their prices fluctuate widely, ranging from hundreds to thousands of yuan per kilogram. However, it is necessary to keep in mind that the market is constantly changing, and to know the exact price, it is necessary to pay attention to the chemical product trading platform in real time, consult the industry dealers or relevant production enterprises, and obtain the current exact market price.

2-Chloro-5-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid is also an organic compound. Its storage conditions are crucial, which is related to the quality and stability of this compound.
This compound should be placed in a cool and dry place. A cool place can reduce the risk of chemical reactions caused by excessive temperature. High temperature often promotes molecular activity to increase greatly, causing frequent adverse reactions such as decomposition and polymerization, which damages its chemical structure and purity. A dry environment is also indispensable, because moisture is easy to cause reactions such as hydrolysis. Water can interact with some functional groups of the compound, such as carboxyl groups, or cause structural changes, resulting in reduced purity and poor quality.
Furthermore, it should be stored in a sealed container. Sealing can prevent it from contacting with gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air. Oxygen or oxidation reactions can change its chemical properties; carbon dioxide or reactions with basic groups can affect its purity. At the same time, sealing can also prevent the escape of volatile components and ensure the stability of their content.
And keep away from fire and heat sources. Because it is an organic compound, it is mostly flammable, and there is a risk of fire near fire sources; heat sources may also increase the temperature, causing the above-mentioned adverse changes caused by high temperature.
In addition, a clear label should be set up at the storage place, indicating the name, properties and storage precautions of the compound, etc., for access and management, to prevent misuse or deterioration due to improper storage. Only when stored under these conditions can the chemical properties and quality of 2-chloro-5-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid be maintained, so that it can play its normal role in scientific research, production and other activities.