2-Chloro-4-hydroxypyridine

2-Chloro-4-hydroxypyridine is widely used in the chemical and pharmaceutical fields.
In the chemical industry, it is often a key intermediate in organic synthesis. It can be derived from other compounds through many chemical reactions. Due to the activity of chlorine atoms and hydroxyl groups in its structure, it can participate in the substitution reaction. If it interacts with nucleophiles, chlorine atoms can be replaced, and then new carbon-heteroatom bonds can be formed to create complex organic molecules. It has made significant contributions to the research and development of new materials, such as functional polymer materials, electronic chemicals, etc.
In the field of medicine, its role is also crucial. The design and synthesis of many drug molecules is based on 2-chloro-4-hydroxypyridine. Because of its specific biological activities, it may act on specific targets in the human body and regulate physiological processes. After modification, it may become antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and other drugs. For example, studies have found that some compounds prepared from this starting material have inhibitory effects on the proliferation of specific tumor cells, opening up new avenues for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Or as a tool compound for pharmaceutical chemistry research, it can help scientists understand the interaction mechanism between drugs and biological targets, promote the process of drug development, and accelerate the emergence of new specific drugs.

The synthesis method of 2-chloro-4-hydroxypyridine has been known for a long time. There are many methods, each has its own strengths, and has evolved over time.
In the past, there were pyridine-based hydrogen atoms that were first replaced by chlorine atoms at specific positions to obtain chloropyridine-containing derivatives. In this step, it is necessary to select a suitable chlorination reagent, such as phosphorus oxychloride, under specific temperature, pressure and catalyst, to obtain the expected product. And the control of the reaction conditions is extremely critical, with a slight poor pool, or a cluster of side reactions, and the product is impure.
After chloropyridine is obtained, hydroxyl groups are introduced. Or use a solution of alkali metal hydroxide, such as sodium hydroxide, to react with it at a suitable temperature. In this process, temperature, reaction time, and the proportion of reactants all affect the effect of hydroxyl substitution.
Other compounds are also used as starting materials. For example, some nitrogen-containing and oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds are used as groups, and pyridine rings are gradually constructed through multi-step reactions, and chlorine and hydroxyl groups are introduced at specific positions. Although these methods are complicated, some drawbacks of the reaction of pyridine starting materials can be avoided, and the purity and yield of the product can be improved.
There are also methods of using transition metal catalysis. Palladium, copper and other metals are used as catalysts, with specific ligands, to promote the coupling reaction of halopyridine and hydroxylation reagents, so as to precisely synthesize 2-chloro-4-hydroxypyridine. The reaction conditions of this method are relatively mild and the selectivity is good, but the cost of the catalyst is high, which limits its large-scale application.
Although the synthesis methods are different, it is necessary to study the mechanism of each step of the reaction and fine-tune the reaction conditions to obtain high-purity 2-chloro-4-hydroxypyridine to meet the needs of various applications.

2-Chloro-4-hydroxypyridine is a kind of organic compound. Its physical properties are particularly important, which is related to its application and characteristics.
First of all, its properties are mostly white to light yellow solid form at room temperature, and it has a specific color and texture. This is intuitively observable.
The melting point of 2-chloro-4-hydroxypyridine is quite significant, about 140-145 ℃. The characteristics of the melting point are crucial in the identification and purification of this compound. Due to the different melting points of different compounds, the purity can be judged based on this, and it can also be used as the basis for separation and purification.
Furthermore, solubility is also an important physical property. In water, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and organic solvents such as dichloromethane, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), it exhibits different solubility conditions. In water, it has a certain solubility, because the hydroxyl group in the molecular structure can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules to improve its solubility; in alcohol solvents, it has good solubility due to the similar principle of miscibility; and in organic solvents such as dichloromethane and DMF, according to their molecular polarity and interaction with solvents, there is also a corresponding degree of solubility. This solubility characteristic is related to the selection of reaction medium and product separation in organic synthesis and chemical analysis.
In addition, the stability of 2-chloro-4-hydroxypyridine also needs to be considered. Under normal environmental conditions, it has certain stability. In case of extreme conditions such as strong acid, strong base or high temperature, its structure may change. Due to its molecular structure, chlorine atoms and hydroxyl groups are connected to the pyridine ring. Under specific conditions, chlorine atoms can undergo substitution reactions, and hydroxyl groups may also participate in acid-base reactions, affecting their stability.
In summary, the physical properties of 2-chloro-4-hydroxypyridine, such as their properties, melting point, solubility, and stability, are interrelated and affect their application in the field of organic chemistry, synthesis, analysis, and many other links.

2-Chloro-4-hydroxypyridine is also an organic compound. It has many chemical properties and is quite important.
First of all, the presence of hydroxyl groups gives it a certain acidity. Hydrogen atoms in the hydroxyl group are easier to dissociate, so they can react with bases to form corresponding salts. This is because oxygen atoms are highly electronegative, and when they bond with hydrogen atoms, the electron cloud is biased towards oxygen, causing hydrogen atoms to leave easily.
Furthermore, the activity of chlorine atoms should not be underestimated. Chlorine atoms can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions. When encountering nucleophilic reagents, such as alcohols and amines, chlorine atoms can be replaced to form new compounds. This reaction is often used in organic synthesis to build diverse structures.
In addition, the conjugated structure of 2-chloro-4-hydroxypyridine makes it stable to a certain extent, but it also affects its reactivity. The delocalization of electrons in the conjugated system decreases the molecular energy and stabilizes the structure. However, this conjugation also affects the electron cloud density around the hydroxyl group and the chlorine atom, which in turn affects its reactivity.
Under certain conditions, the hydroxyl group can undergo esterification reaction. If it encounters an acid anhydride or an acyl chloride, the hydroxyl oxygen atom will attack the acyl carbon and form an ester group through a series of changes. This reaction can be used to prepare specific ester derivatives, which is of great significance in the field of organic synthesis. < Br >
Due to the presence of pyridine rings, the compound can also participate in some reactions related to nitrogen-containing heterocycles, such as complexation with metal ions, etc., showing unique coordination chemical properties. This complexation reaction can be used to synthesize special metal complexes and has potential applications in the fields of materials science and catalysis.

2-Chloro-4-hydroxypyridine is on the market, and its price range is difficult to determine. This is due to changing market conditions, and the price varies with supply and demand, quality, origin and purchase quantity.
Looking at the past market conditions, if it is an ordinary commercial grade, the quality is moderate, and the batch is not huge, the price per kilogram may be in the range of several hundred yuan. However, if the demand is quite large, after detailed negotiation with the supplier, a preferential price may be obtained, which may be reduced to a few hundred yuan per kilogram.
As for high-quality, very high-purity 2-chloro-4-hydroxypyridine, which is mostly used in fine fields such as scientific research, its price is high. The price per gram may range from tens of yuan, because of its difficult preparation, complicated process, and strict requirements for purity.
And the origin is different, and the price is also different. If the source of raw materials is abundant, the process is mature, and the cost is controllable, the price in the market may be relatively easy; on the contrary, if the origin of raw materials is scarce and the craftsmanship is difficult, the price should be high.
In conclusion, to know the exact market price of 2-chloro-4-hydroxypyridine, it is necessary to carefully investigate the current market situation, consult the supplier, and obtain a more realistic quotation based on the quantity and quality of your own needs.