2-bromopyridine N-oxide hydrobromide

2-% hydroxyethyl-N-oxide hydrochloride, its chemical properties are as follows:
This substance has an acid-base amphoteric. Because it contains basic nitrogen atoms, it can form salts with acids. When encountering strong acids, the lone pair electrons on the nitrogen atom can accept protons and form positively charged ammonium salts. If it reacts with hydrochloric acid, it generates corresponding hydrochloric salts to enhance water solubility. In organic synthesis, compounds containing this structure can be separated and purified by this property.
From the perspective of hydroxyl groups, it has certain nucleophilic and weakly acidic properties. Hydroxyl oxygen atoms have lone pairs of electrons. Under suitable conditions, they can attack electrophilic reagents and undergo substitution reactions, such as reacting with halogenated hydrocarbons to form ether compounds. In case of strong alkali, the hydroxyl hydrogen can be taken away to form the corresponding salt, but the acidity is relatively weak and requires a strong base to react easily.
In terms of redox, the hydroxyl group can be oxidized by a suitable oxidant. If a mild oxidant is used, the hydroxyl group can be oxidized to an aldehyde group or a carboxyl group; if a strong oxidant is used, the carbon chain may be broken due to deep oxidation. The nitrogen oxide part is relatively stable, but under strong reduction conditions, the nitrogen-oxygen bond may be reduced, causing the valence state of the nitrogen atom to change. < Br >
It also has a certain solubility, because it contains polar hydroxyl groups and nitrogen oxide groups, it has a certain solubility in polar solvents such as water and alcohol, which is conducive to participating in chemical reactions in polar environments, and can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules in solution, affecting its physical and chemical behavior. These chemical properties make 2-hydroxyethyl-N-oxide hydrochloride have a variety of uses in organic synthesis, pharmaceutical chemistry and other fields.

2-% cyano-N-oxide hydroxamic acid is an important class of compounds, and there are many common preparation methods, which are described in detail below.
First, halogenated hydrocarbons and cyanides are used as starting materials. Nitriles can be obtained by nucleophilic substitution reaction between halogenated hydrocarbons and cyanides. This reaction needs to be carried out in the presence of appropriate solvents and bases. Common solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), etc., bases such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, etc. The obtained nitriles are then reacted with hydroxylamine and its derivatives, and go through an oximation process to eventually form the target product 2-% cyano-N-oxide hydroxamic acid. The raw materials for this route are relatively easy to obtain, and the steps are relatively conventional. However, the selection of halogenated hydrocarbons and the control of reaction conditions are very critical. Due to the different activities of different halogenated hydrocarbons, the reaction yield and selectivity will be affected.
Second, through the conversion of amides. First prepare an amide with a specific structure, and then oxidize the amide nitrogen atom to N-oxide under the action of a suitable oxidizing agent. Commonly used oxidizing agents include peroxyacids, such as m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA). The oxidized amide derivative reacts with cyanide-containing reagents to introduce a cyano group, thereby generating 2-% cyano-N-oxide hydroxamic acid. This method requires careful design of the amide structure, and the oxidation step needs to be strictly controlled to prevent over-oxidation or other side reactions.
Third, start from aldose or ketone. Aldose or ketone first reacts with hydroxylamine to form an oxime, and then the oxime reacts with cyanide-containing reagents under specific conditions to introduce a cyano group, and at the same time oxidizes nitrogen atoms to form a target compound. The key to this path lies in the efficiency of the oximation reaction and the subsequent cyano group introduction and oxidation steps. Different aldose and ketone structures have a significant impact on the reaction process.
Fourth, the reaction is catalyzed by metals. The reaction of related substrates is catalyzed by transition metal catalysts such as palladium and copper. For example, using nitrogen-containing heterocyclic substrates and halogenated cyanides as raw materials, in the presence of metal catalysts and ligands, carbon-nitrogen bonds are formed through coupling reactions, and nitrogen atoms are oxidized and modified to achieve the synthesis of 2-% cyano-N-oxide hydroxamic acid. This method relies on high-efficiency metal catalysts and ligand design. Although it can provide a novel synthesis path, it may be challenging to control the cost of catalysts and reaction conditions.

To prepare 2-cyano-N-oxide hydroxamic acid, the method is as follows:
First take an appropriate amount of starting materials, often based on organic compounds with specific structures. In a clean reaction vessel, introduce organic solvents, such as dichloromethane, N, N-dimethylformamide, etc., to create a suitable reaction environment.
Carefully add compounds containing cyanide groups and stir well. Then slowly add reagents that can introduce nitrogen oxide groups, such as specific nitro compounds or nitroso compounds, and the drip rate must be precisely controlled to prevent overreaction. During the dropwise addition process, pay close attention to the temperature change of the reaction system. The reaction temperature can be maintained in a suitable range by cooling or heating device, usually between low temperature and room temperature, depending on the specific reaction.
After the dropwise addition is completed, continue to stir the reaction mixture to make the reaction fully proceed. During this period, the reaction process can be monitored by thin layer chromatography or other analytical means until the raw materials are exhausted and the product is generated to the desired proportion.
After the reaction is completed, pour the reaction solution into an appropriate amount of water to stop the reaction, and extract it with an organic solvent for many times. After the extracts are combined, dry them with a desiccant such as anhydrous sodium sulfate to remove the moisture.
Then, by reduced pressure distillation, the organic solvent is removed to obtain a crude product. Then purified by column chromatography or recrystallization to obtain high purity 2-cyano-N-oxide hydroxamic acid. When operating, be sure to strictly abide by the norms and safety guidelines of chemical experiments to prevent accidents.

When storing and transporting 2-% cyanopyridine and N-oxide hydrochloride, it is necessary to pay attention to many matters.
For storage, both should be stored in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. 2-% cyanopyridine is more active in nature and is extremely sensitive to temperature. High temperature can easily cause it to react, so the storage temperature should be strictly controlled in a specific range, not too high. And N-oxide hydrochloride has strong hygroscopicity. If the ambient humidity is high, it is easy to deliquescent and deteriorate. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the humidity of the storage space is suitable. A desiccant can be placed next to it to maintain dryness. The two should also be stored separately from oxidizing agents, acids, alkalis and other substances. Due to their chemical properties, if they are mixed with them, it is very likely to cause violent reactions and cause major disasters.
When it comes to transportation, there are also many details. When transporting 2-% cyanopyridine, special containers need to be used to ensure good sealing and prevent leakage. Because of its certain toxicity, once it leaks, it will not only pollute the environment, but also endanger the safety of transporters and surrounding people. Transportation vehicles need to be equipped with corresponding emergency treatment equipment for emergencies. When transporting N-oxide hydrochloride, it is also necessary to ensure that the packaging is complete, and to avoid bumps and vibrations during transportation to prevent package damage. Transport personnel must be professionally trained, familiar with the characteristics of the two and emergency treatment methods, and regularly check the status of the goods on the way. If there is any abnormality, deal with it immediately.
In this way, the safety of 2-% cyanopyridine and N-oxide hydrochloride in storage and transportation can be guaranteed, and disasters can be avoided.

In today's world, prices in the market are changing rapidly, and it is not easy to understand the market prices of 2-hydroxypyridine and its N-oxide hydrochloride. These two are widely used in chemical and pharmaceutical fields, and their prices also fluctuate according to the supply and demand of time and place.
From the past, the price of 2-hydroxypyridine may rise and fall due to the abundance of raw materials and the difficulty of processing. If the raw materials are easy to obtain and the preparation method is refined, the price may become easier; conversely, if the raw materials are scarce and the process is complicated, the price will be high. However, the market price often hovers within a certain range, ranging from tens of gold per kilogram to hundreds of gold.
As for N-oxide hydrochloride, due to its unique nature, in a specific industry, the demand is also different. The change in its price also depends on the condition of raw materials, demand and competing products. When the market is seeking a lot, but the supply is limited, the price will rise; if the competing products are stacked and the supply is abundant, the price will be lower. In the past, the price per kilogram, or around 100 gold, also had a large difference due to the quality and the urgency of the market.
If you want to know the exact price today, it is advisable to consult the merchants of chemical materials, the brokers of trade, or the information of the industry and the trading platform. There may be real-time prices there for reference to show the current market. However, the market conditions change like the wind and clouds, and the observed price is only a temporary state, and it cannot be relied on for a long time.