2,4-Dihydroxy-3-nitropyridine

2% 2C4-difluoryl-3-cyanopyridine, this physical property is quite unique. It is an organic compound, mostly solid at room temperature, if crystalline, hard and with a specific crystal shape.
Looking at its physical properties, the melting point and boiling point are the key characteristics. Due to the interaction of fluorine, cyano and other groups in the molecule, its melting point is relatively high, and a specific temperature is required to melt into a liquid state. The boiling point is also affected by the group, and a higher boiling point indicates a stronger intermolecular force. Furthermore, its solubility also has characteristics. In common organic solvents such as dichloromethane and chloroform, it may have a certain solubility. This is because the molecular polarity matches the solvent; in water, because the polarity is not completely compatible with the water molecule, the solubility may be limited.
When it comes to chemical properties, the cyanyl group in this compound is active. Cyanyl groups are nucleophilic and can participate in many nucleophilic substitution reactions. When encountering electrophilic reagents, the carbon atoms in the cyanyl group are vulnerable to attack, thus initiating a series of chemical reactions. For example, when reacting with halogenated hydrocarbons, cyanyl groups can replace halogen atoms to derive new compounds. At the same time, the pyridine ring also gives it unique chemical activity. The nitrogen atom on the pyridine ring has a lone pair of electrons, which makes the pyridine ring alkaline and can react with acids to form salts. Moreover, the pyridine ring can undergo electrophilic substitution reaction, and under suitable conditions, halogenation, nitrification and other reactions can occur on the pyridine ring. The presence of difluoro groups not only affects the electron cloud distribution of the molecule, enhances the polarity of the molecule, but also has a significant effect on the reactivity and selectivity. Due to the large electronegativity of fluorine atoms, the density of the electron cloud in the adjacent and para-position can be reduced, and in the electrophilic substitution reaction, it is more inclined to meta-substitution, which provides convenience for the precise construction of molecular structures in organic synthesis.

2% 2C4-difluoro-3-cyanopyridine, its common synthesis method is as follows:
** Method 1: Pyridine derivatives are used as starting materials **
Suitable pyridine compounds can be selected, and fluorine atoms and cyanyl groups are introduced at specific positions on the pyridine ring. For example, first, a halogen atom, such as a bromine atom or a chlorine atom, is introduced into the pyridine ring through a halogenation reaction. The halogenation reagent used can be liquid bromine, N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), etc. The reaction needs to be carried out in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane and in the presence of light or initiator. Subsequently, the nucleophilic substitution reaction is used to replace the halogen atom with the fluoride such as potassium fluoride in a suitable organic solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) under heating conditions. As for the introduction of cyanide groups, cyanide reagents such as cuprous cyanide can be used to carry out nucleophilic substitution under appropriate reaction conditions, so as to construct the cyanyl group on the pyridine ring, and finally obtain the target product.
** Method 2: Construction of pyridine ring by multi-step reaction from simple raw materials **
With some simple compounds containing nitrogen and carbon as starting materials, such as malonitrile and suitable fluoroenol ethers. First, the two condensation reaction occurs under basic conditions. The base can be selected from sodium ethanol, etc., and the reaction solvent can be ethanol. After the condensation reaction, it undergoes an intramolecular cyclization reaction to form a pyridine ring structure under the action of an appropriate temperature and catalyst. After that, the substituents on the pyridine ring are modified and adjusted as needed, for example, through further halogenation, nucleophilic substitution, and fluorine atoms and cyanos are introduced to obtain 2% 2C4-difluoro-3-cyanopyridine.
** Method 3: Transition Metal Catalysis **
Utilizes transition metal catalysts, such as palladium catalysts. A compound containing a pyridine ring precursor with a suitable leaving group is reacted in the same reaction system with a fluorine-containing reagent and a cyanyl reagent. For example, aryl halogenated pyridine is used as a raw material, with fluoroborate and cyanyl sources in the presence of palladium catalysts (such as tetra- (triphenylphosphine) palladium, etc.) and ligands (such as tri-tert-butylphosphine, etc.), under the action of an appropriate base (such as potassium carbonate, etc.), in an organic solvent (such as toluene, etc.), and the fluorine atom and cyanyl group are introduced at the designated position of the pyridine ring through one or more steps to obtain the target product. This method has the advantages of relatively mild reaction conditions and high selectivity.

2% 2C4-difluoryl-3-cyanopyridine, which has important applications in medicine, pesticides, materials and other fields.
In the field of medicine, it is a key intermediate and is often used as a raw material for the synthesis of specific drugs. Due to its unique chemical structure, it can participate in the construction of a variety of drug molecules, making great contributions to the development of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and other drugs. For example, some new antibacterial drugs, with the help of 2% 2C4-difluoryl-3-cyanopyridine as the starting material, through multi-step reaction, can produce compounds with high antibacterial activity, providing a new way for the clinical treatment of infectious diseases. < Br >
In the field of pesticides, it is an important intermediate for the synthesis of high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides. The pesticides synthesized on its basis have strong contact-killing and stomach-toxic effects on pests, are environmentally friendly, and have low residues. For example, some new pesticides, using their chemical properties, can precisely act on specific physiological targets of pests, inhibit the growth and reproduction of pests, and ensure the harvest of crops.
In the field of materials, 2% 2C4-difluoro-3-cyanopyridine can be used to synthesize functional materials. For example, it is used to prepare organic optoelectronic materials, which endow the materials with unique optical and electrical properties, and show potential application value in organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), solar cells, etc. Due to its special structure, it can improve the charge transfer and luminous efficiency of the material, and enhance the performance of the device.

Nowadays, there are 2,4-difluoro-3-cyanopyridine, which is an important organic compound. It is widely used in many fields such as medicine and pesticides, and its market price is also of concern.
Looking at its preparation, the process is complex and demanding, and the required raw materials and reaction conditions have a great impact on the cost. Changes in the purity of raw materials, reaction temperature, pressure, choice and dosage of catalysts, etc., can cause the yield and purity of the product to vary, and the cost will also fluctuate.
In terms of market supply and demand, the pharmaceutical and pesticide industries have developed rapidly in recent years, and the demand for 2,4-difluoro-3-cyanopyridine is increasing. However, the number of its production enterprises is limited, and capacity expansion is not easy, making it difficult for the market supply to meet the demand in time, which is also an important factor affecting the price.
At present, the market price of 2,4-difluoro-3-cyanopyridine fluctuates greatly, roughly ranging from hundreds to thousands of yuan per kilogram. The specific price varies according to product purity, transaction quantity, market area and supply and demand situation. High-purity products can meet the needs of high-end pharmaceutical synthesis, and the price is relatively high; when purchasing in bulk, the unit price may be favorable due to the scale effect.
Prices also vary in different market areas. Where the economy is developed and the demand is strong, the competition is fierce, and the price may be slightly higher; where the supply is relatively abundant and the demand is slightly slower, the price may be slightly lower.
In summary, the market price of 2,4-difluoro-3-cyanopyridine is restricted by many aspects such as preparation cost, market supply and demand, product purity, number of transactions and regional factors, and it shows a dynamic change in the market.

When preparing 2,4-difluoro-3-cyanopyridine, the following things should be paid attention to:
The choice of starting material is crucial. It is necessary to ensure that its purity is high, impurities will disturb the reaction process and cause the product to be impure. If the halogenated pyridine starter is used, it should be carefully purified, otherwise impurities will be in the reaction or generate side reactions, resulting in miscellaneous by-products, which will affect the yield and quality of the target product.
The control of reaction conditions should not be lost. Temperature, pressure and reaction time are all critical. This reaction needs to be carried out in a specific temperature range. If the temperature is too low, the reaction will be slow and time-consuming; if the temperature is too high, the side reactions will occur frequently and the product selectivity will decrease. Taking a similar reaction as an example, if the temperature is 10 ° C higher, the amount of by-products will increase by 20%. Pressure will also affect the reaction. A specific reaction needs to be in a pressurized environment to promote the contact of the reactants and increase the reaction rate. The reaction time must be accurately grasped. If the reaction is insufficient, the reaction will not be completed. If it is too long, it may cause product decomposition or secondary reactions.
The use of catalysts has a great impact. Appropriate catalysts can reduce the activation energy of the reaction and improve the reaction rate and selectivity. Choose a catalyst with high activity and excellent selectivity, and strictly control its dosage. If the dosage is small, the catalytic effect is not good; if the dosage is large, the cost may increase and the side reaction will increase. If a catalytic reaction is excessive by 5%, the amount of side reaction products will increase by
The supervision of the reaction process is indispensable. By means of thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography and other means, the reaction process can be observed in real time, and the consumption of reactants and the formation of products can be known. If any abnormalities are found, the reaction conditions can be adjusted in time to avoid a large amount of raw material waste and product impurity.
Post-processing steps should also be fine. After the reaction is completed, the separation and purification of the product need to be handled with caution. Distillation, extraction, recrystallization and other methods are commonly used to remove impurities and improve the purity of the product. Improper operation, product or loss, or difficult to reach high purity standards. If the solvent selection and dosage are improper during recrystallization, the product collection rate will drop, and the purity will be difficult to guarantee.