2-(4-Chlorophenyl)pyridine

(2- (4-aminophenyl)) groups are mainly used in many fields. Under the concept of "Tiangong Kaiwu", many chemical and physical transformations involved in materials and processes often rely on the characteristics of such groups to achieve specific effects.
In the field of dye production, (2- (4-aminophenyl)) groups can be used as key chromophores. Due to their structure containing a specific electron cloud distribution and conjugate system, they can absorb and emit light of specific wavelengths, resulting in rich colors of dyes. After ingenious chemical modification and combination of this group, bright colors and excellent fastness dyes can be prepared, which are widely used in fabric dyeing to give fabrics a gorgeous appearance and long-lasting color, meeting the diverse needs of different groups of people for clothing and fabric color.
In the field of medicinal chemistry, this group plays a key role in pharmacophore. Its amino and benzene ring structures give molecules specific electronic properties and spatial configurations, which can specifically bind to targets in vivo, such as proteins and enzymes. For example, some anticancer drugs use (2- (4-aminophenyl)) groups to precisely act on specific proteins of cancer cells, interfering with the growth and division of cancer cells, to achieve therapeutic purposes; some antibacterial drugs also use this group to bind to key enzymes in bacteria, inhibit bacterial metabolism and reproduction, and protect human health.
Furthermore, in the field of materials science, (2- (4-aminophenyl)) groups can be used for the construction of functional materials. Introducing this group to polymer materials can endow materials with special optical, electrical or mechanical properties. For example, the preparation of smart materials with photochromic properties, when irradiated by light, the (2 - (4 - aminophenyl)) group structure changes to cause the color of the material to change, which has potential application value in the fields of optical information storage and sensors; in composites, this group can enhance the material interface interaction and improve the overall performance of the material.

The (4-cyanophenyl) group is an extremely important part of the field of organic chemistry, and it has the following physical properties:
- ** Appearance **: Generally speaking, most common organic compounds containing (4-cyanophenyl) are in a crystalline solid state. Due to the regular structure of cyano (-CN) and phenyl (C H), the intermolecular forces are orderly, so it is easy to arrange into a regular crystal lattice to form crystals. For example, 4-cyanobenzoic acid, which is normally a white crystalline powder, has a fine texture and can be seen in a regular crystal shape under a microscope.
- ** Melting point and boiling point **: The presence of cyano groups enhances the intermolecular forces. Cyanyl groups can increase the attractive force between molecules through dipole-dipole interaction. The conjugated system of phenyl groups also contributes to molecular stability. Therefore, compounds containing (4-cyanophenyl) usually have higher melting points and boiling points. Taking 4-cyanobiphenyl as an example, its melting point reaches 112-114 ° C, which is significantly higher than that of ordinary alkyl-substituted benzene. This property enhances its stability in high temperature environments and is widely used in the field of materials science.
- ** Solubility **: From the perspective of solubility, (4-cyanophenyl) has both lipophilicity and certain hydrophilicity. The hydrophobicity of the phenyl group makes the group exhibit good solubility in non-polar organic solvents such as toluene and dichloromethane. The polarity of the cyanyl group makes it have a certain solubility in polar organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone. However, due to the limited polarity of the whole, the solubility in water is very small. For example, 4-cyanobenzaldehyde, which is soluble in ethanol to form a clear solution, has very low solubility in water and is almost insoluble. It will be suspended or precipitated in the bottom of water in the form of oil droplets.
- ** Density **: Because both cyanyl and phenyl are relatively heavy atomic groups, the density of compounds containing (4-cyanophenyl) is often greater than that of water. Taking common 4-cyanobenzonitrile as an example, its density is about 1.12 g/cm3, which is greater than the density of water by 1 g/cm3. This property can be used as an important basis for the separation and purification of such compounds. By using its density difference with water, separation can be achieved through liquid separation and other operations.

(2 - (4 -cyanophenyl)) group, its chemical properties are quite unique. In this group, the cyano group (-CN) is connected to the phenyl group, which gives the group a special electronic effect and reactivity.
From the perspective of electronic effect, the cyano group is a strong electron-absorbing group, which reduces the electron cloud density of the benzene ring through induction and conjugation effects. As a result, the electrophilic substitution activity on the benzene ring decreases, especially the electron cloud density of the adjacent and para-sites decreases more significantly, and the electrophilic reagents are more inclined to attack the intersite. For example, in the halogenation reaction, the halogen atom will replace more in the intersite position.
In terms of reactivity, the carbon-nitrogen triple bond in the cyanyl group is rich in electrons and has strong reactivity. It can participate in a variety of organic reactions, such as hydrolysis. Under acidic or basic conditions, the cyanyl group can be hydrolyzed to form a carboxyl group (-COOH). This reaction is often used in organic synthesis to introduce carboxyl functional groups. Another example is the reaction with nucleophiles. The carbon atoms in the cyanyl group are vulnerable to attack by nucleophiles, and nucleophilic addition reactions occur to generate a series of nitrogen-containing organic compounds.
Furthermore, the existence of this group also affects the physical properties of the molecule. Due to the polarity of the cyanyl group, the polarity of the compound containing this group is enhanced, and the physical properties such as boiling point and melting point will change compared with similar compounds without this group, and the solubility in some organic solvents will also be affected.
In short, (2- (4-cyanophenyl)) groups have unique chemical properties due to the synergistic effect of cyanyl and phenyl groups, and have important applications and research values in organic synthesis, pharmaceutical chemistry and other fields.

To prepare 2 - (4 - methoxyphenyl) propane, there are several ways to synthesize it:
###Method of reacting halogenated hydrocarbons with sodium alcohol
1. ** Preparation of raw materials **: Take 4 - methoxyphenyl ethanol first, and treat it with an appropriate halogenating agent, such as co-heating with hydrobromic acid, to obtain 4 - methoxyphenyl bromoethane. Then take propanol and treat it with sodium metal to prepare sodium propanol.
2. ** Reaction **: 4 - methoxyphenyl bromoethane and sodium propanol are placed in a suitable solvent, such as anhydrous ethyl ether, and heated and stirred. This reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The alkoxy negative ion of sodium propanol attacks the alpha-carbon atom of 4-methoxyphenylbromoethane, and the bromine ion leaves to generate 2- (4-methoxyphenyl) propane.
3. ** Separation and purification **: After the reaction is completed, the mixture is washed with water, separated into liquids, the organic phase is dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then distilled to collect fractions with appropriate boiling points to obtain a pure product.
###Reaction method with Grignard reagent
1. ** Preparation of Grignard's reagent **: Take magnesium chips and place them in a dry reaction bottle, add an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethyl ether, add bromopropane dropwise under stirring, initiate a reaction, and prepare propyl magnesium bromide Grignard's reagent.
2. ** Prepare another reactant **: Take p-methoxybenzaldehyde, dissolve it in anhydrous ethyl ether, and slowly drop it into the reaction system containing propyl magnesium bromide. The carbon negative ion of Grignard's reagent attacks the carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde group to form an intermediate.
3. ** Hydrolysis and Purification **: After the reaction is completed, the intermediate is hydrolyzed with dilute acid to generate alcohol. The product is extracted, dried, distilled and other steps to remove impurities to obtain the target product 2- (4-methoxyphenyl) propane.
###The method of olefin addition reaction
1. ** Synthesis of olefins **: Preparation of 4-methoxystyrene by a suitable method, such as dehydration with 4-methoxyphenyl ethanol.
2. ** Addition reaction **: 4-methoxystyrene is reacted with propylene at a suitable temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst, such as a metal-organic catalyst. This is an addition reaction of olefins to generate 2- (4-methoxyphenyl) propane.
3. Product treatment: After the reaction, it is separated, refined, and the unreacted raw materials and catalysts are removed to obtain the product.

Today there is a question, what is the price range of di- (tetrahydroxy phenyl) products in the market? Let me try to say it in ancient Chinese.
The price range of tetrahydroxy phenyl (tetrahydroxy phenyl) in the market varies depending on its quality, supply and demand. If its quality is high, and there are many people in need in the market, but there are few people in supply, its price will be high. Or it can reach a high price, but it is difficult to say for sure.
On the contrary, if the quality is ordinary, and the supply is abundant, but there are few people who want it, the price may tend to be flat.
Generally speaking, the price can vary from the parity to the quite high price. When the price is at parity, or it is an ordinary value, it can be used for general purposes. If it involves fine areas, or has strict requirements for quality, the price will rise, reaching a medium and high position.
However, the market conditions are ever-changing, such as the unpredictable situation. Sometimes due to changes in raw materials, sometimes due to changes in craftsmanship, the price can fluctuate. Therefore, in order to determine the range of its price, it is necessary to constantly observe the dynamics of the market and study the situation of supply and demand in detail, in order to obtain a more accurate number. It is difficult to judge it within a fixed range.