2,3-pyridinediol

The main use of 2,3-pentanediol, as recorded in "Tiangong Kaiwu", involves both brewing and pharmaceuticals.
In the matter of brewing, 2,3-pentanediol can be used as a by-product of yeast fermentation. During the brewing process of wine, yeast decomposes carbohydrates and produces this diol through a series of biochemical reactions. 2,3-pentanediol has a unique flavor contribution, which can increase the mellow taste of wine and add its flavor level. In all kinds of fine wines, this ingredient quietly shapes the unique flavor. Like all kinds of aged fine wines, 2,3-pentanediol contributes to the complex and mellow flavor.
As for the way of pharmaceuticals, although the ancients did not understand its chemical structure and precise pharmacology, their characteristics have been found in practice. 2,3-pentanediol has certain solubility and stability, and can be used as a solvent or stabilizer for pharmaceutical preparations. In ancient pharmaceuticals, it was often necessary to extract the active ingredients of medicinal materials and make suitable dosage forms. 2,3-pentanediol or can help dissolve insoluble drugs, making the drugs more easily dispersed and improving the efficacy. And its stability can protect the drug ingredients from being unduly affected by external factors, and ensure the quality and efficacy of the drug.
In addition, although "Tiangong Kaiwu" is not detailed, from today's perspective, 2,3-pentanediol may have potential uses in the chemical industry. It can be used as a raw material for organic synthesis and chemically reacted to produce other compounds with specific functions. However, in ancient records, brewing and pharmaceuticals were its main uses, which added luster to the ancient people's life and medical development.

2,3-Pentanedione is one of the organic compounds. Its physical properties are as follows:
In appearance, at room temperature and pressure, 2,3-Pentanedione appears to be a colorless to slightly yellow liquid, and has a special odor, similar to the aroma of cream and caramel. This odor characteristic often makes it used in the field of fragrances.
In terms of boiling point, its boiling point is about 108 ° C. The boiling point value shows that in the standard atmospheric pressure environment, when the temperature rises to about 108 ° C, 2,3-Pentanedione will change from liquid to gaseous state. This property is crucial in the temperature control of separation, purification and related chemical reactions.
In terms of melting point, the melting point of 2,3-pentanedione is around -51 ° C. It means that when the temperature is lower than this temperature, the compound will exist in solid form. This melting point characteristic affects its storage and transportation mode under different temperature conditions.
2,3-pentanedione can achieve miscibility with organic solvents such as ethanol and ether in terms of solubility, and also has a certain degree of solubility in water. This solubility characteristic is related to its molecular structure. Due to the presence of polar groups such as carbonyl in the molecule, it has a certain affinity for polar solvent water and miscibility with non-polar organic solvents. This solubility provides a variety of options for its use in various chemical reactions and formulations, such as in some fragrance formulations, which can be effectively mixed with other ingredients through its solubility.

2% 2C3-pentanediol, also known as 2-methyl-2,3-butanediol, is an organic compound. It has several unique chemical properties.
This substance is a colorless and transparent viscous liquid with a weak odor. In terms of solubility, it can be miscible with many organic solvents such as water, alcohol, ether, etc. This property makes it useful in many fields.
2% 2C3-pentanediol has relatively good chemical stability. Under normal conditions, it is not easy to chemically react with common substances. However, under certain conditions, such as in strong acid and alkali environments, or in the presence of high temperatures and catalysts, it will exhibit specific reactivity.
Its hydroxyl functional groups give it some special properties. For example, esterification reactions can occur, that is, with carboxylic acids under the action of catalysts to form corresponding ester compounds. This reaction is of great significance in the field of organic synthesis and can be used to prepare a variety of special-purpose esters, which are widely used in flavors, coatings and other industries.
In addition, 2% 2C3-pentanediol also has a certain degree of reduction. Under the action of suitable oxidants, its hydroxyl groups can be oxidized to form different oxidation products such as alaldehyde, ketone or carboxylic acid. The specific products depend on the reaction conditions and the type of oxidant used. These oxidation products also have important value in organic synthesis and are key intermediates in the preparation of many fine chemicals.
In industrial production and laboratory research, understanding these chemical properties of 2% 2C3-pentanediol is of crucial significance for rationally designing synthesis routes, optimizing reaction conditions, and expanding its application range.

2% 2C3 - to which there are many synthesis methods, the advantages and disadvantages of each method vary from scene to scene, described in detail below.
First, the synthesis method using halogenated alcohols as raw materials. Take halogenated alcohols, co-heat with alkali, and through nucleophilic substitution reaction, halogenated atoms are replaced by hydroxyl groups to generate diols. This process has mild conditions and easy operation. However, the raw halogenated alcohols need to be prepared, and there are many side reactions in the reaction, which affect the yield and purity.
Second, the olefin oxidation method. Choose a suitable olefin and treat it with a specific oxidant, such as potassium permanganate or osmium tetroxide. Olefin double bonds can be converted into diol structures after oxidation. When potassium permanganate is oxidized, the conditions need to be precisely controlled, otherwise the product will be complicated due to excessive oxidation. Although osmium tetroxide has good selectivity, it has high toxicity, high cost and limited practical application.
Third, the hydrolysis method of epoxy compounds. Epoxy compounds are first prepared, and then hydrolyzed under acidic or alkaline conditions. In acidic hydrolysis, the reaction rate is fast and the yield is high; alkaline hydrolysis has good selectivity. However, the preparation of epoxy compounds involves complex steps and special reagents.
Fourth, borohydrogenation-oxidation method. Olefins are first hydroborated with borane to form organoboron compounds, which are then oxidized by hydrogen peroxide alkaline solution to finally obtain diol. The method has good regioselectivity and can obtain a specific configuration of diols, but the borane reagent is more sensitive and requires careful operation.
In summary, the synthesis of 2% 2C3-diol can be carefully selected according to factors such as raw material availability, cost, product purity and configuration requirements, and the reaction conditions can be carefully adjusted to achieve satisfactory synthesis results.

2% 2C3 - The price range of its diol in the market depends on various factors. This diol is widely used and has applications in many fields such as chemical industry and medicine.
If it is used in fine chemical synthesis, the purity requirements are quite high, and its price may be between 50 gold and 100 gold per kilogram. Cover fine chemical production, precise raw materials are required, and high-purity diols are more suitable for demand, so the price is high.
In ordinary industrial production, such as some plastic product additives, the requirements are slightly lower, and the price is about 20 gold to 50 gold per kilogram. Due to the slightly higher tolerance of impurities in ordinary industrial applications, the cost is controllable, and the price is relatively low.
If used in the field of medicine, as a pharmaceutical excipient, considering factors such as human safety, its quality is strictly controlled, and the price may be more than 100 gold per kilogram. Medicine is related to human life, and the quality of raw materials is important, so the price is expensive.
However, the market situation is changeable, the supply of raw materials, market demand, etc. will make the price fluctuate. When the supply is abundant and the demand is low, the price may drop; on the contrary, if the supply is short and the demand is strong, the price will rise. Therefore, the price range of 2% 2C3 - to its diol is difficult to determine with certainty, and it needs to be observed according to the real-time market conditions.