2,3-Cyclohexanopyridine

In "Tiangong Kaiwu", the main use of hexyl amine is in the chemical phase, but its use is imagined as follows:
hexyl amine, this physical property is very special. It can be used as an important medium in chemical manufacturing. As thought of in ancient technology, it is like the essence of smelting and manufacturing, and the foundation for forming general utensils. Starting from this, it can be derived from polymers, such as some specific dyes, materials, etc.
In terms of dyes, ancient dyes are flourishing, and people are seeking dyes that are both colorful and long-lasting. Hexyl amines may help craftsmen to produce a unique color, so that the color of the cloth they dye is bright and does not fade for a long time. In the dyeing workshop, it becomes a wonderful thing that adds color and luster.
The creation of materials, or. In ancient times, natural materials were used to cure diseases and save people. Hexyl amines may be synthesized into certain compounds to improve efficiency, just like an indispensable good in a good formula. In addition, in some special chemical reactions, hexyl amines may be used as catalysts. Just like in ancient times, wise people used human benefits and avoided harm, accelerated the process of reaction, made the production of chemical products more efficient, improved the essence of the work, and promoted the development of the chemical industry. In addition, hexylamine was not yet available in the ancient "Tiangong", but now it is recommended to be used in chemical, dyeing, chemical and other fields.

"Tiangong Kaiwu" has a saying: "Where a mirror is cast, the mold is made of gray sand, and the copper is made of tin, and the opening surface is made of light, the mercury will be attached to it, and the non-copper will have light like this." The principle of mirrors is related to optics. Where light reaches, the image is revealed.
The husband uses copper as a mirror, and its quality is tough, but when it is first cast, it still needs to be sharpened. Copper is rigid, and tin can be softened to form. The method of casting mirrors is to combine copper and tin, pour it into the mold, and wait for it to condense and form.
Since the mirror body is formed, if you want to make it bright, you need to apply mercury. Mercury is fluid, and it can be attached to the copper surface, making it smooth, and the light can be learned. This is because mercury fills the fine bumps of the copper surface, and the light is reflected evenly, so the mirror can clearly reflect the object.
The mirror's vision follows the principle of light reflection. When light encounters the mirror surface, it reflects at a certain angle, and the shape of the object is reflected into the human eye. It is a mirror that can see the appearance and scene. It was used by the ancients in daily use, and it is also the basis for future optical research.
There is another cloud: "Water is calm, flat is clear, and clear is the shape of the object." The same is true for water mirrors, which calm the water surface and reflect all things. Light reflects on the water surface, just like a mirror.
As for the durability of the mirror, in addition to the excellent material, it also depends on proper maintenance. Wipe the body of the mirror often, and do not dust it, so that it can be kept clear and bright for a long time for people to observe. This is all about the physical properties of the mirror, and the wonders of casting and using the mirror lie in it.

Cycloethane is an organic compound with a six-membered ring structure, composed of six carbon atoms and twelve hydrogen atoms. Its chemical properties are unique.
Under normal temperature and pressure, cycloethane is a colorless liquid with a weak special odor, and it is difficult to dissolve in water, but it can be miscible with many organic solvents. This is because it is a non-polar molecule, which is similar to each other, so it is difficult to dissolve in polar water.
The chemical properties of cycloethane are relatively high in terms of its stability. Its carbon-carbon bond is a single bond, and the bond energy is large. In order to break the bond and react, more energy needs to be provided by the outside world. Under normal circumstances, it is not easy to react with strong acids, strong bases and strong oxidants.
However, cycloethane is not completely inert. Under appropriate conditions, a substitution reaction can occur. For example, under the condition of light or heating and supplemented by an appropriate catalyst, cycloethane can be substituted with halogens (such as chlorine), in which hydrogen atoms are gradually replaced by halogen atoms. This reaction mechanism is a free radical reaction. Light or heating prompts halogen molecules to produce free radicals, which in turn triggers subsequent reactions.
In addition, cycloethane can also undergo ring-opening reactions under specific catalysts and conditions. For example, under the action of some strong oxidants or special catalysts, the cyclic structure of cycloethane is destroyed, ring opening occurs, and chain-like compounds are formed. This reaction provides a path for the construction of chain-like compounds in organic synthesis.
In short, although cycloethane has certain stability, it can undergo reactions such as substitution and ring opening under suitable conditions. It is an important basic compound in the field of organic chemistry and has a wide range of applications in organic synthesis.

To make ethylene oxide, there are many ways to synthesize it. There are two common ones. One is the chloroethanol method, and the other is the direct oxidation of ethylene.
Let's talk about the chloroethanol method first. It is to make ethylene react with hypochlorous acid to produce chloroethanol. The reaction is as follows: Ethylene ($C_2H_4 $) interacts with hypochlorous acid ($HClO $) to obtain chloroethanol ($ClCH_2CH_2OH $). The reaction conditions in this step are relatively mild, and the equipment requirements are not very high. Then, chloroethanol reacts with alkali to remove hydrogen chloride to obtain ethylene oxide. Although the principle of this process is simple, the steps are slightly complicated, and a large amount of chlorine-containing wastewater is produced, which is not good for the environment.
Let's talk about the direct oxidation of ethylene. Using silver as a catalyst, ethylene reacts with oxygen at a specific temperature and pressure to directly produce ethylene oxide. The reaction formula is: $2C_2H_4 + O_2\ stackrel {Ag} {\ longrightarrow} 2C_2H_4O $. This method has simple steps, high atomic utilization rate, and conforms to the concept of green chemistry. However, the reaction conditions are strictly controlled, and the temperature, pressure and catalyst activity need to be precisely controlled, and the equipment investment is relatively large.
In addition, there are methods for synthesizing ethylene oxide from other raw materials or routes, but the above two are widely used. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are mutually exclusive. In actual production, when considering the availability of raw materials, costs, environmental protection requirements and other factors according to the specific situation, choose the appropriate method.

"Tiangong Kaiwu" states, "Where the billets are completed, after drying, they are piled up in the kiln to burn and raise the fire. Or one day and night, or two days and nights, depending on how much the pottery is turned off for a long time." This method of firing the kiln is related to the formation of the billet. However, the quality of the billet, the firing temperature and duration, etc., all affect its value in the market.
When the billet is completed, after drying, it is fired in the kiln. Its heat and duration are exquisite, and proper control can make a good tool. If the heat is too strong and the duration is too long, the billet may be deformed or cracked; if the heat is insufficient or the duration is not enough, the texture will be loose and unusable.
In the city, good billets are fired by skilled craftsmen, and those with high quality will be expensive. Looking at porcelain kilns, the high-quality products produced are often bought by the world, and the price is not fixed. Most of them are collected by rich families or used for high-hall furnishings, and their prices are often calculated in heavy gold. And ordinary billets, although they can meet daily needs, are affordable, mostly for civilian use, and are common in the market. The price is only a few to two silver dollars.
Such as blue and white porcelain billets, those with exquisite painting and excellent firing are often priced at more than one hundred taels of silver in the market; while ordinary blue and white billets are priced at more than two taels of silver. As for white porcelain billets, the price of refined ones is also higher, but it is higher than that of blue and white porcelain billets, or slightly lower. Crude white porcelain billets are cheap, mostly daily tableware, etc., and the price is only a few dollars of silver.
Therefore, the price range of billets in the market is as low as a few dollars of silver, and there is no upper limit for the height, depending on its quality, craftsmanship, and firing level.