2,2-bispyridine

2% 2C2-bispyridine, or 2,2 '-bipyridine, is a crucial reagent in organic synthesis and has a wide range of uses.
First, it can act as a ligand. It has two pyridine rings, which can form coordination bonds with metal ions by means of lone pair electrons on nitrogen atoms, and then construct stable complexes. In the field of catalysis, many 2,2' -bipyridine metal complexes exhibit excellent catalytic activity. For example, in some oxidation reactions, reduction reactions and carbon-carbon bond formation reactions, such complexes can act as efficient catalysts, which can effectively reduce the severity of reaction conditions and improve the selectivity and yield of the reaction. In the field of materials science, 2,2 '-bipyridine metal complexes are also commonly used to prepare materials with special optical and electrical properties.
Second, in analytical chemistry, 2,2' -bipyridine can be used for the detection and quantitative analysis of metal ions. Because the complexes formed with specific metal ions often have unique color or spectral properties, the concentration of metal ions can be accurately determined by colorimetry or spectroscopy. For example, when measuring the concentration of iron ions, the complexes formed by 2,2 '-bipyridine and iron ions have strong absorption at specific wavelengths, thereby enabling sensitive detection of iron ions.
Third, in organic synthesis, 2,2 '-bipyridine can sometimes be used as a base or ligand to promote the reaction. For example, in some nucleophilic substitution reactions or nucleophilic addition reactions, it can regulate the reactivity and selectivity, and help the efficient synthesis of organic compounds.
Fourth, in the field of electrochemistry, 2,2' -bipyridine and its metal complexes also have important applications. Some complexes can be used as electrocatalysts to promote the progress of certain electrochemical reactions; at the same time, their research in battery materials has also attracted much attention, which is expected to provide key support for the development of new batteries.

2% 2C2 '-bispyridine, the Chinese name is often 2,2' -bipyridine. The physical properties of this substance are particularly important and relevant to its many use cases.
Looking at its morphology, at room temperature, 2,2 '-bipyridine is a white to pale yellow crystalline powder with a uniform appearance and fine texture. This state is conducive to storage and retrieval. In many chemical operations, its powder state is easier to disperse and can be uniformly mixed with other substances to facilitate the full progress of the reaction.
As for the melting point, it is between 70 and 73 ° C. The melting point is the critical temperature at which a substance changes from a solid state to a liquid state. This melting point value shows that 2,2 '-bipyridine can be melted into a liquid state at a relatively low temperature. In some reaction systems that require heat treatment, it is easier to achieve physical state transformation, so as to participate in the reaction process, or as a solvent to assist the interaction of other reactants.
In terms of boiling point, it is about 272-273 ° C. The boiling point is the specific temperature at which a liquid is converted to a gaseous state. A higher boiling point indicates that it has good thermal stability. In a conventional heating environment, it is not easy to quickly vaporize and dissipate, and can be stably retained in the reaction system to ensure the continuity and stability of the reaction.
Solubility is also an important property. 2,2' -bipyridine is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and benzene, but it is difficult to dissolve in water. The solubility in organic solvents makes it widely used in the field of organic synthesis. It can be used as a ligand to complex with metal ions to form various metal complexes, which are used in catalytic reactions, materials science and other fields. The characteristics of insolubility in water determine the limitations of its participation in reactions in aqueous systems, and the appropriate reaction medium needs to be selected accordingly when operating.
In addition, 2,2 '-bipyridine has a certain odor. Although it is not pungent and unpleasant, it should also be paid attention to during operation, because it may cause slight irritation to the human respiratory tract. In summary, the physical properties of 2,2' -bipyridine play a key guiding role in chemical research and industrial applications.

2% 2C2-bispyridine has specific chemical properties and is worth exploring. This substance has both the properties of pyridine, and the structure of the pyridine ring gives it unique chemical activity.
In terms of reactivity, because the pyridine ring contains nitrogen atoms and has lone pair electrons, 2% 2C2-bispyridine can be used as a nucleophilic reagent to react with electrophilic reagents. In the electrophilic substitution reaction, the electron cloud density distribution on the pyridine ring is uneven, the electron cloud density of the nitrogen atom is relatively low, and the interpotential is relatively high, which makes the electrophilic reagent easy to attack the interpotential.
In addition, due to its dipyridine-containing structure, the molecules can interact with each other through hydrogen bonds or π-π stacking, which affects their physical and chemical properties. In the field of coordination chemistry, 2% 2C2-bispyridine can be used as a didentate ligand to coordinate nitrogen atoms with metal ions to form stable complexes, and the structure and properties of the resulting complexes vary depending on the type of metal ions and the coordination environment.
In organic synthesis, 2% 2C2-bispyridine often participates in the reaction as a catalyst or ligand, and regulates the reaction path and product selectivity with its unique electronic and spatial effects. Due to the particularity of its structure and properties, it has potential application value in many fields such as materials science and medicinal chemistry, and can be used to prepare functional materials, develop new drugs, etc. It is one of the important substances in chemical research.

2% 2C2-bispyridine is 2,2-bipyridine. Although the synthesis method is not recorded in "Tiangong Kaiwu", the method known today is described in the form of ancient Chinese prose, which can also be used as a reference.
First, pyridine is used as a raw material and can be obtained by oxidative coupling reaction. First, take an appropriate amount of pyridine and place it in a special kettle. The kettle needs to be made of a refractory material that does not interfere with the reactants. Then add a specific catalyst, such as a copper-containing compound, which is a key auxiliary agent for the reaction and can promote its formation. Appropriate oxidizing agents are also introduced. Under a certain temperature and pressure, the pyridine molecules interact and oxidize and couple. In the meantime, it is necessary to use a delicate method to control the temperature, so that the temperature is stable at a suitable degree. If it is too low, the reaction will be slow, and if it is too high, impurities will easily form. After time, the crude product of 2,2-bipyridine can be obtained. After purification, such as distillation, recrystallization, etc., impurities are removed to obtain a pure product.
Second, it is prepared from halopyridine. Take halopyridine, place it in a suitable reaction vessel, and add an appropriate amount of base and metal catalyst, such as palladium catalyst. In an organic solvent, heat and stir, the halogen atom of halopyridine interacts with the base and catalyst, and a coupling reaction occurs. In this process, the properties of the solvent, the strength and dosage of the base, the temperature and time of the reaction all need to be precisely controlled. After the reaction is completed, the unreacted raw materials, catalyst residues and by-products are removed through separation and purification steps to obtain 2,2-bipyridine.
Third, with the help of metal-organic chemistry. Under specific reaction conditions, metal-organic reagents and pyridine derivatives undergo a series of reactions such as coordination and coupling to construct the structure of 2,2-bipyridine. This approach requires a deep understanding of the preparation and reaction conditions of metal-organic reagents in order to make the reaction smooth and the product pure.

2% 2C2 - bispyridine, its price range in the market is difficult to determine. The price of this chemical often varies due to various factors. Looking at the source of its raw materials, if the raw materials are abundant and easy to obtain, the price may be slightly lower; if the raw materials are rare and difficult to obtain, the price will be high. And the method of production, the method of fine and simple production, can reduce its cost, and the price will also drop; however, the method of complex and difficult, resulting in high costs, the price will rise. Furthermore, the supply and demand of the market is also the main reason. If there are many people who want it and there are few people who supply it, the price will rise; if the supply exceeds the demand, the price will fall.
And the difference in its quality is also related to the price. For high purity, the price must be higher than that of ordinary ones. In different places, due to the difference in tax and the distance of the transportation, the price is also different. In distant places, freight and taxes will be imposed, and the price may increase significantly.
Therefore, to know the exact price of 2% 2C2 - bispyridine, you should consult the merchant of chemical materials, or check the professional chemical price information, to get a close and accurate number. It is difficult to determine the exact price range in the market today.