1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde

There are various methods for the synthesis of 1H-pyrrolido [2,3-b] pyridine-4-acetic acid, each with its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on the situation.
One is the direct alkylation method. This is a nucleophilic substitution reaction of pyrrolido [2,3-b] pyridine with halogenated acetic acid or its esters catalyzed by bases. For example, potassium carbonate is used as a base, acetonitrile is used as a solvent, and refluxing is heated. Ethyl halogenated acetate interacts with pyrrolido [2,3-b] pyridine to obtain the target product. After hydrolysis and acidification, 1H-pyrrolido [2,3-b] pyridine-4-acetic acid can be obtained. This method has simple steps and easy raw materials, but the selectivity is not good, and there are many side reactions. Separation and purification are complex.
The second is the metal catalytic coupling method. Metals such as palladium and copper are often used as catalysts and ligands are used to assist in the coupling of pyrrolido [2,3-b] pyridine halides with boric acid or borate containing acetate groups. For example, under palladium catalysis, the target product can be efficiently obtained by heating the reaction with bis (diphenylphosphine) ferrocene as ligand, cesium carbonate as base, and toluene as solvent. This method has excellent selectivity, high yield, but the catalyst is expensive, the reaction conditions are harsh, and the reaction equipment and operation requirements are high.
The third is biosynthesis. With the catalysis of microorganisms or enzymes, it can be synthesized through specific metabolic pathways. For example, some strains with special metabolic ability can biosynthesize products containing 1H-pyrrolido [2,3-b] pyridine-4-acetic acid structure under suitable culture conditions and with specific substrates as raw materials. This method is green and environmentally friendly, with mild conditions and strong specificity, but it takes a long time to screen and cultivate strains, and the yield is difficult to control, and large-scale production is not easy.

1H-pyrrolido [2,3-b] pyridine-4-acetonitrile, this compound has important uses in many fields such as pharmaceutical research and development, materials science, organic synthesis, etc.
In the field of pharmaceutical research and development, due to its unique chemical structure, it can be used as a key intermediate for the creation of various new drugs. In the development of many anti-cancer drugs, researchers have improved the targeting and inhibitory effect of drugs on tumor cells by modifying and modifying their structures. Taking a new type of anti-cancer drug as an example, by introducing a specific substitution based on the structure of 1H-pyrrolido [2,3-b] pyridine-4-acetonitrile, the affinity between the drug and the specific target of tumor cells was successfully enhanced, the anti-cancer activity was significantly improved, and the toxic side effects on normal cells were reduced.
In the field of materials science, this compound can be used to prepare organic optoelectronic materials. Due to its special electronic structure and optical properties, it can be applied to organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), solar cells and other devices. In the preparation of OLEDs, 1H-pyrrolido [2,3-b] pyridine-4-acetonitrile derivatives can be used as luminescent layer materials, endowing devices with high luminous efficiency and good stability, thereby improving display quality and service life.
In the field of organic synthesis, 1H-pyrrolido [2,3-b] pyridine-4-acetonitrile is an extremely important synthetic building block. Chemists use its activity check point to construct complex organic molecular structures through various chemical reactions, such as nucleophilic substitution, cyclization, etc. With this, natural product analogs or new organic compounds with specific functions and biological activities can be synthesized, providing important support for the development of organic synthesis chemistry.

1H-pyrrolido [2,3-b] pyridine-4-acetic acid is an organic compound with unique physical properties, which are described in detail by you.
Looking at its appearance, it is mostly white to light yellow crystalline powder under normal conditions, which is conducive to observation and processing. As for the odor, it usually does not have a strong pungent smell, is relatively mild, and will not cause discomfort due to the smell in the general operating environment.
When it comes to the melting point, the melting point of this compound is within a specific range, but the exact value varies slightly depending on the preparation method and purity. Roughly speaking, its melting point is about [X] ° C. This property is crucial in the identification and purification process, and its purity and authenticity can be verified by means of melting point determination.
In terms of solubility, 1H-pyrrolio [2,3-b] pyridine-4-acetic acid exhibits different solubility in organic solvents. In organic solvents such as dichloromethane, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), it has good solubility and can be uniformly dispersed to form a clear solution. However, in water, its solubility is relatively low, only slightly soluble in water. This solubility characteristic provides an important basis for the selection of suitable solvent systems in the process of organic synthesis, separation and purification.
In addition, the density of the compound is also a specific value, about [X] g/cm ³. Although the density data is not as commonly used as melting point and solubility in general application scenarios, it is also indispensable in some situations involving accurate mass and volume calculations.
The physical properties of 1H-pyrrolido [2,3-b] pyridine-4-acetic acid are interrelated, which jointly affect its application in scientific research, production and many other fields. In-depth understanding of it will help to use this compound more properly.

The chemical stability of 1H-pyrrolido [2,3-b] pyridine-4-acetic acid is related to many aspects. In this compound, the pyridine ring is fused with the pyrrole ring, and the structure is unique. From the perspective of chemical bonds, the carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-nitrogen bonds in the ring are quite stable, which endows the molecule with certain stability.
The nitrogen atom on the pyrrole ring participates in the solitary pair electron conjugate system, which makes the electron cloud distribution more uniform and enhances the stability of the entire conjugate structure. However, there are also factors affecting the stability of this structure. The nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring has electron-absorbing properties, or the electron cloud density of the pyrrole ring changes, resulting in some changes in the chemical bond activity.
Furthermore, the introduction of 4-acetic acid groups, because the carboxyl group has a certain acidity, may react under a specific acid-base environment, affecting the overall stability. In the case of basic substances, carboxyl groups easily react with bases to form salts, changing the molecular structure. In high temperature environments, the internal energy of the molecule increases, the vibration of chemical bonds intensifies, or triggers reactions such as structural rearrangement and decomposition, which weakens the stability. Under light conditions, if the molecule absorbs photon energy to an excited state, photochemical reactions may also occur, destroying the stability of the original structure.
In general, the chemical stability of 1H-pyrrolido [2,3-b] pyridine-4-acetic acid is affected by the interaction of various groups in its own structure and the environment (acid-base, temperature, light, etc.). Under different conditions, the stability performance varies, and a variety of factors need to be carefully considered in order to fully grasp its stability characteristics.

What is the price of 1H-pyrrolido [2,3-b] pyridine-4-acetic acid in the market? This is a material in the field of fine chemicals, and its price is often affected by many factors.
The first to bear the brunt is the difficulty of preparation. If its synthesis requires difficult processes, special raw materials or harsh reaction conditions, the price will be high. If the preparation requires multiple steps of reaction, and the yield of each step is not high, or rare raw materials are required, the cost will rise, and then the market price will rise.
Furthermore, the state of market supply and demand is also the key. If this product is in high demand in the fields of pharmaceutical research and development, materials science, etc., and the supply is limited, the price will also go up. On the contrary, if the demand is low and the supply is sufficient, the price may become more affordable.
Again, the quality of the product also affects the price. High purity, high quality, because it can meet the needs of high-end applications, the price is often higher than that of ordinary quality.
Under the current situation, the price of 1H-pyrrolido [2,3-b] pyridine-4-acetic acid varies from tens to hundreds of yuan per gram. For small batches and high-purity reagent-grade products, the price per gram may reach several hundred yuan; while for industrial-grade products with larger batches and slightly lower purity, the price per gram may be in the range of tens of yuan. However, this is only an approximate number, and the actual price still depends on the specific transaction time, place, transaction quantity, quality, etc. On the occasion of transaction, it is advisable to consult more suppliers to compare their quotations and quality before obtaining a reasonable price.