CHLOROPYRAZINE, 2-

The main uses of mercury to the pill, according to the "Tiangong Kaiwu", there are probably two.
One is used in alchemy and pharmaceuticals. In ancient times, alchemists and sorcerers believed that mercury can be specially refined and combined with other things to become a magical elixir. As the book says: "Where cinnabar, mercury, and silver vermilion are originally the same thing, so those with different names are divided into coarse, old and tender." Cinnabar is the sulfide of mercury. After refining, mercury can be obtained, and mercury can be combined with other things, or it can become a pill. The ancients believed that elixirs have the effect of prolonging life and even immortality. There are many enthusiastic emperors and generals, so mercury to the pill plays an important role in the field of alchemy. If Qin Shi Huang seeks longevity and makes alchemists refine pills, mercury is the key thing.
Second, it is used for the gilding process. "Tiangong Kaiwu" states: "Mercury gold is also used for plating." Mercury and gold are made into gold amalgam, which is applied to the surface of the utensils, heated to evaporate the mercury, and the gold is left on the utensils to form a gilt effect. This process can make the utensils beautiful and anti-corrosive, and is mostly used for the production of precious utensils, Buddha statues, etc. For example, many gilt Buddha statues and gilt silver utensils in ancient times were made by this process, which is not only solemn and luxurious, but also can be preserved for a long time.
In short, mercury Xiangdan played an indispensable role in the fields of ancient alchemy and gilting, reflecting the exploration and practice of the ancients in chemical processes.

Mercury is a highly toxic metal, and its physical properties are particularly unique.
Mercury is in a liquid state under normal temperature and pressure, which is its remarkable characteristic. Ordinary metals are mostly solid, but mercury exists in a liquid state alone. Its appearance is bright like silver, and it flows freely, just like smart silver water. Its density is quite high, about 13.6 grams/cubic centimeter, which is even higher than that of many common metals, such as iron. The density is about 7.8 grams/cubic centimeter. Compared with the same volume of mercury and iron, the weight of mercury is much higher than that of iron. < Br >
The melting point of mercury is extremely low, only -38.87 ° C, that is, if the temperature drops slightly, it is easy to solidify; and its boiling point is not high, about 356.6 ° C, and it is easy to evaporate into mercury vapor when heated. This characteristic makes mercury highly susceptible to physical changes at different temperatures.
In addition, mercury has good electrical conductivity. Although it is inferior to good conductors such as gold, silver, and copper, it is still a good conductive material. Its thermal conductivity is also considerable, but its thermal conductivity is not as good as that of some common metals.
The surface tension of mercury is extremely high, and when it drops on the plane, it will condense into round and moist mercury beads, which are like silver pearls and are not easy to spread out. Due to the special interaction force between mercury atoms, its surface has a strong tendency to shrink.
It should be noted that mercury is volatile and slowly evaporates into mercury vapor at room temperature. This vapor is colorless, odorless, but highly toxic. After inhalation by the human body, it will cause serious damage to the nervous system, digestive system and many other organs. Therefore, when exposed to and using mercury on a daily basis, it is necessary to be extremely cautious and strictly follow safety procedures to prevent the risk of mercury poisoning.

Halide to mercury has a unique and unique nature. It is also a quality, at room temperature, it is fluid and shimmering like silver, very agile, not like the solids of all gold stones.
Halide to mercury is active and sensitive in chemical properties. When encountering strong oxygen agents, such as high potassium montate, it is easy to initiate chemical reactions, and the valence state of mercury changes and new compounds are generated. It can bond with a variety of metals and form a genus of amalgam. This property is very useful in ancient metallurgy, medicine and stone industries.
In ancient times, it was often the choice of pigments, and it was also important in the art of alchemy. This transformation should be rapid and clear, indicating that it has a strong affinity with sulfur.
In the environment of acid and alkali, halogen to mercury also changes. In case of strong acid, mercury or dissolved mercury salts, this process may require the help of warmth, not overnight. Under strong alkali, the transformation of mercury should be slightly slower, but not completely without response. Its subtle changes depend on the different conditions around.
The transformation of halogen to mercury is not only active and changeable, but also contains unique affinity. In the world of transformation, such as the spirit of agility, thousands of changes, for the study of all kinds of learning and skills, for endless resources, in the ancient wisdom of exploring things and studying, but also the key to the subtle.

Mercury is a highly toxic substance, but it is also used in ancient alchemy and various crafts. The methods of its production are contained in ancient books.
One is the method of roasting cinnabar. "Tiangong Kaiwu" has a saying: "Where mercury is used again, it is called Yinzhu (that is, mercury sulfide). The method is to use a new pot of iron lamps in the inside, the mud behind the lamp is made into a pocket, the pocket is filled with water, take a mouthful of eagle beak lead (a mineral containing more lead), and stick it in the mud hole. The lower lamp contains three coins of sulfur, and then put two or three coins of high-quality mercury into the lead mouth. Mercury vertical flow, into the sulfur, and slowly heat it with charcoal or charcoal fire. Mercury and sulfur are sublimated and condensed on the pocket, which is silver vermilion. "This is made of cinnabar sand (mercury sulfide) as raw material, and mercury is obtained by roasting and sublimation. The cinnabar sand is heated, the sulfur and mercury are separated, and the mercury is raised in the form of steam and condensed when cold.
Second, the method of decomposing mercury ore. There are also special calcination methods using other kinds of mercury minerals as sources. Select high-quality mercury minerals and place them in a special stove to be calcined at a proper temperature. The ore in the furnace decomposes by heat, and the mercury escapes in a gaseous state and is collected at the condensation place of the furnace. In this process, heat control is very important. If it is too prosperous, the mercury will be easily dissipated, and if it is too weak, the decomposition will be insufficient.
Third, the ancient method may have a method of combining mercury-containing minerals with other substances. For example, in a specific proportion of mercury-containing minerals and charcoal, lead, etc. are co-placed in the furnace. Charcoal combustion provides heat, lead, etc. or helps to reduce the precipitation of mercury. This process is complicated, and the proportion of materials, heat, and time need to be accurately grasped in order to effectively precipitate and collect mercury.
In ancient mercury production, although the process was different, it all relied on the experience and skills of craftsmen. Under simple conditions, they carried out this dangerous business to obtain mercury for use in alchemy, medicine, and technology.

"Tiangong Kaiwu" contains: Mercury is a liquid, its nature is good to walk, and it will soar and dissipate in case of fire. Therefore, when using mercury, pay attention to all things.
First, mercury is toxic, and it is harmful to the body if it is touched or smelled. Anyone who handles mercury must first clean his hands and do not let the mercury touch the skin. If mercury is accidentally spilled, cover it with sulfur quickly, so that mercury sulfide can be dissolved. Its toxicity is slightly reduced and it is easy to clean.
Second, mercury is volatile in fire. Therefore, when mercury is used in alchemy and alchemy, it must be placed in a ventilated place, or a special condensing device should be used to prevent mercury gas from spreading and harming everyone. And when heating mercury, the heat should be carefully controlled. If it is too prosperous, the mercury will fly rapidly, and the material will be damaged and dangerous.
Third, the mercury storage utensils must be sealed and solid. The cover mercury does not flow, and if there is a slight gap, it will leak. Porcelain bottles and thick glass utensils can be used, and they should be placed in a cool and dry place, protected from heat and light, to prevent them from breaking and overflowing due to thermal expansion.
Fourth, the site where mercury is used should be cleaned frequently. If mercury is left in the dark, it will accumulate for a long time, and the hidden dangers are endless. After sweeping the place, it is advisable to sprinkle sulfur powder and rinse it with water to keep no mercury residue.
Fifth, people who use mercury should know how to first aid. If you swallow mercury by mistake, drink egg whites and milk quickly to slow the toxicity and seek medical attention urgently. If you inhale mercury gas, leave the scene quickly and go to a place with fresh air. If it is serious, you need to seek medical attention.
All these things are essential for the use of mercury and should not be ignored. Workers know and keep them safe, and make the best use of mercury.